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Item In vitro Antitrichomonal Activity of Acacia nilotica L different extracts(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2010) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the major worldwide health problem of non viral sexual from all transmitted diseases (STD) especially in the third world. Methods: In the present work barks and fruits of Acacia nolotica were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, with different concentrations to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis. Results: Methanolic extracts of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 100% mortality at concentration 250 µg µml after 192 hours, this was compared with metrondizole powder which gave 100% mortality at concentration312.5 µg/ml after 216 hours, while the fruits chloroform extracts gave mortality 83.2% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 hours, mean while, the bark chloroform extracts gave mortality 100% at 1000 µg ml after 192 hours. Water extract of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 85.5% and 97.1% respectively at concentration 250 µg/ml after 192 hours. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Acacia nilotica, MetronidazoleItem Cytotoxicity of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanPharmacological and preventive properties of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts are well known, but the anticancer activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Vitex trifolia leafs on human breast cancer cells have not been explored so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic activities of these extracts against MCF-7 and Vero cell line. Cells were exposed to 125 to 500 μg/ml of the extracts of Vitex trifolia for 72 h. Post-treatment, percent cell viability was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The results showed that petroleum ether and methanol extracts significantly reduced cell viability of MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Concentrations of 125 μg/ml and above of petroleum ether and 500 μg/ml of methanol extract were found to be cytotoxic in MCF-7 cells. Cell mortality at 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml of petroleum ether extract was recorded as 98.80%, 93.40% and 87.75% respectively, whereas at 125, 250 and 500 of methanol extract values were 79.98%, 75.70% and 70.25%, respectively by MTT assay. MCF-7 and Vero cells exposed to 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml. The data revealed that the treatment with petroleum ether and methanol of Vitex trifolia leaf extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile the same extract showed a moderate inhibition against Vero cell lines. It may be concluded that Vitex trifolia can cause cell death in MCF-7 cancer cells, which can be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment. Keywords: Vitex trifolia, MCF-7, Vero, Cytotoxicity, MTTItem In vitro Antitrichomonal Activity of Acacia nilotica L different extracts(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2010) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the major worldwide health problem of non viral sexual from all transmitted diseases (STD) especially in the third world. Methods: In the present work barks and fruits of Acacia nolotica were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, with different concentrations to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis. Results: Methanolic extracts of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 100% mortality at concentration 250 µg µml after 192 hours, this was compared with metrondizole powder which gave 100% mortality at concentration312.5 µg/ml after 216 hours, while the fruits chloroform extracts gave mortality 83.2% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 hours, mean while, the bark chloroform extracts gave mortality 100% at 1000 µg ml after 192 hours. Water extract of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 85.5% and 97.1% respectively at concentration 250 µg/ml after 192 hours. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Acacia nilotica, MetronidazoleItem Prevalence and transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Khartoum State, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2012) Elbadri E. OsmanThis study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in Khartoum State, Sudan. Two different hospitals were selected. The two hospitals were Ibrahim Malik hospital which is serving an urban area and Ombada hospital which is serving a rural area and migrant people coming from other parts of Sudan particularly Western Sudan. Monthly data was collected including demographic, social and other factors related to infection with trichomoniasis using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected weekly every month and examined using wet mount preparation method. 297 women were found infected with Trichomonas vaginalis of a total of 2473 examined making an overall prevalence rate of 12%. Prevalence of infection was slightly higher among women in Ombada hospital than those in Ibrahim Malik hospital but the difference is not statistically significant. However, difference in infection is statistically significant regarding areas of residence (P < 0.05). The highest (15.6%) and the lowest (4.8%) prevalence rates were recorded in Alsalam locality (Ombada hospital) and Khartoum locality (Ibrahim Malik hospital) respectively suggesting a difference in awareness between rural and urban areas. Significant differences related to age were recorded. The highest prevalence rates were among women in the age groups 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years. High infection rates were recorded during the hot and rainy season from July to October. Social, traditional and behavioral factors proved to be important factors in relation to infection of T. vaginalis among women in Khartoum State. Results indicate the importance of the problem and the need for more research and efforts to control it.Item Prevalence and transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Khartoum State, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2012) Elbadri E. OsmanThis study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in Khartoum State, Sudan. Two different hospitals were selected. The two hospitals were Ibrahim Malik hospital which is serving an urban area and Ombada hospital which is serving a rural area and migrant people coming from other parts of Sudan particularly Western Sudan. Monthly data was collected including demographic, social and other factors related to infection with trichomoniasis using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected weekly every month and examined using wet mount preparation method. 297 women were found infected with Trichomonas vaginalis of a total of 2473 examined making an overall prevalence rate of 12%. Prevalence of infection was slightly higher among women in Ombada hospital than those in Ibrahim Malik hospital but the difference is not statistically significant. However, difference in infection is statistically significant regarding areas of residence (P < 0.05). The highest (15.6%) and the lowest (4.8%) prevalence rates were recorded in Alsalam locality (Ombada hospital) and Khartoum locality (Ibrahim Malik hospital) respectively suggesting a difference in awareness between rural and urban areas. Significant differences related to age were recorded. The highest prevalence rates were among women in the age groups 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years. High infection rates were recorded during the hot and rainy season from July to October. Social, traditional and behavioral factors proved to be important factors in relation to infection of T. vaginalis among women in Khartoum State. Results indicate the importance of the problem and the need for more research and efforts to control it. Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, prevalence, traditions, social, behavioral factors.Item Antigiardial, Amoebicidal and Cytotoxic activity of the plant Prosopis juliflora leave extracts(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2014) Elbadri E. Osmanhe present study was carried out to evaluate antigiardial, amoebicidal activity and explore the cytotoxicity of Prosopis juliflora (Leaves) Variety supreme court Leaves petroleum ether and methanolic extracts in vitro. Tested were performed using four concentrations: (1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm). The highest activity against Giardia lamblia, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 78.91% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 500 ppm followed by the methanolic extract which exhibited 77.48% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antigiardial activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 38.55 % mortality with 1000 ppm concentration in 24 hours. The highest activity against Entamoba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from methanolic extract which exhibited 71.97% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antiamobic activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 31.88% mortality with 125 ppm concentration within 24 hours. The cytotoxicity of methanol and petroleum ether extract had varying degrees of toxicity to vero cell lines with IC50 731.79 µg/ml for the methanol extract and 11.22 µg/ml for the petroleum ether extract.Item Review of Sudanese Medicinal Plants Screened for Antidiabetic Activity(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021) Elbadri E. OsmanAbstract Introduction: Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and plenty of medical plants are used in traditional medicines to treat diabetes. These plants have no side effects, and many existing medicines are derived from the plants. The purpose of this systematic review is to study diabetes and to summarize the available treatments for this disease, focusing especially on herbal medicine. Methods: Scientific data bases were investigated for and screening through google engine for diabetes and effective plants informatics data. However, the investigation included Science direct, PubMed, Wiley, Scopus, and Springer. Out of the 100 collected articles (published in the period between 1997 and 2018). Results: Diabetes is mainly due to oxidative stress and an increase in reactive oxygen species that can have major effects. Many plants contain different natural antioxidants, in particular tannins, flavonoids, C and E vitamins that have the ability to maintain β-cells performance and decrease glucose levels in the blood. Conclusion: According to published results, it can be said that medical plants are more affordable and have less side effects compared synthetic drugs and are more effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Also order to harness these natural resources and maximize the socioeconomic benefits derivable from Sudanese medicinal plants efforts should be geared toward research funding and deployment of Research and Development (R & D) policy framework into medicinal plants research endeavors.Item Antiamoebic and Cytotoxicity of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Kigelia africana(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanKigelia africana (family Bignoniaceae), is a common component of the pharmacopeia’s of multiple African groupings which inhabit the areas in which it grows. Amongst these groups there is a myriad of medicinal uses in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections, as well as in the treatment of cancers. Intestinal amoebiasis due to the infection of E. histolytica is ranked third on the list of parasitic protozoan infections leading to death behind malaria and schistosomiasis. This study was carried out to evaluate antiamoebic activites (E. histolyica) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of ethanol extract of K. africana (fruits). The extract of K. africana (fruits), with different concentrations (500, 250 and 125 ppm) and Metronidazole concentration (312.5 μg/ml) to be investigated in vitro against E. histolyica trophozoites, and cytotoxicity (MTT) assay with test concentrations and Triton-100 (the reference control) was studied. The ethanolic fruit extract exhibited 100% mortality within 96 h, at a concentration 500 ppm, whereas, metronidazole gave 96% inhibition at concentration 312.5 µg/ml. MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extract. The studies conducted for K. africana fruit extract was proved to have potent activities against E. histolyica trophozoites in vitroItem Antigiardial Activity and Toxicological Exploration of Cannabis Sativa Extracts(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2013) Elbadri E. OsmanAbstract— The present study has been attempt to elucidate antigiardial activity and explore the cytoxicity, investigation on liver Diagnostic Enzymes and Changes in serum constituents of Cannabis Sativa aerial parts and seeds, which were extracted by Petroleum ether and methanol. Aerial parts methanolic extract gave 63.6% mortality after 72 hours at concentration 1000 ppm (IC50 0.13 ppm) comparing with metrondizole (IC50 0.0125 ppm). While the other extracts found inactive as antigiardiasis after 72 hours. The slight increase in Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) liver enzyme and total protein, urea, albumin and calcium which indicate some degree hepatic nefropathy effect of such plant petroleum ether extract. Moreover, phytochemical examination was carried out firstly and revealed that, the petroleum ether extract of Cannabis sativa seed do not contain tetrahydrocannbinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidaiol (CBD). However, all extracts showed no significant cytotoxic activity against vero cell line. Index Terms— Giardia lamblia, Cytotoxicity, Cannabis sativa, Liver enzymesItem Nigella sativum(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanNigella sativa Lin. (family- Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant globally and popular in various Indigenous system of medicines. The seeds are used as astringent, stimulant, diuretics and anthelmintic traditionally. They are also useful for treating jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin disorders. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) were tested against four standard bacteria, that is, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against two standard fungi species, that is,. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the agar plate diffusion method. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with the zone of inhibition ranging from 18 to 32 mm in length. The largest inhibition zone in the case of bacteria was obtained for against bacteria E. coli (32 mm) while in case of fungi highest inhibition was observed against Apergillus niger (25 mm). Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that N. sativa possess both antibacterial as well as antifungal activity.Item Nigella sativum(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanNigella sativa Lin. (family- Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant globally and popular in various Indigenous system of medicines. The seeds are used as astringent, stimulant, diuretics and anthelmintic traditionally. They are also useful for treating jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin disorders. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) were tested against four standard bacteria, that is, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against two standard fungi species, that is,. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the agar plate diffusion method. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with the zone of inhibition ranging from 18 to 32 mm in length. The largest inhibition zone in the case of bacteria was obtained for against bacteria E. coli (32 mm) while in case of fungi highest inhibition was observed against Apergillus niger (25 mm). Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that N. sativa possess both antibacterial as well as antifungal activity.Item Molluscicidal Activity of Acacia seyal (Dell) Bark Methanolic Extract Against Biomphalaria pfeifferi Snails(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2016) Elbadri E. OsmanThe Acacia seyal Dell family Mimosaceaeis is known locally as Talha tree. Many medicinal uses such as treatment of dysentery, leprosy, colds, diarrhea, hemorrhage, ophthalmic, intestinal ailments, rheumatic pains, colds and fevers, have been attributed to this tree. Schistosomiasis, a water-borne parasitic disease caused by Schistosome(s) a genus of digenetic trematode worms, infects man and animals in tropical and sub tropical regions. It is the second most prevalent parasitic disease in the world ranked only after malaria regarding the number of people infected and those at risk. More than 90% of the cases are occurring in Africa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molluscicidal activiat ty of Acacia seyal bark methanolic extract against the snail Biomphlaria pfeiffer. Different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.8125 and 3.91 ppm) of the Acacia seyal bark methanolic extract, were investigated in vitro against snail Biomphlaria Pfeiffer. A. seyal bark methanolic extract exhibited 100% mortality within 24 h, only at a concentration of 1000 ppm; and exhibited 100% mortality within 48 h, at 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 ppm. The IC50 of bark of A. seyal at 24 h and 48 h was 80.79 and 34.33 ppm, respectively. These findings prove the potent in vitro activity of A. seyal (bark) methanolic extract against Biomphlaria pfeifferItem ANTIAMOEBIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA RUFESCENS (LAM) LEAF EXTRACTS(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT The World Health Organization estimates that the protozoan is a major cause of morbidity worldwide, causing approximately 50 million cases of dysentery and 100,000 deaths annually. Intestinal amoebiasis due to the infection of E. histolytica is ranked third on the list of parasitic protozoan infections leading to death behind malaria and schistosomiasis. Metronidazole is used as a drug of choice against giardiasis. However, like a lot of other chemical agents, this drug has its own side effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate antiamoebic activites (Entamoeba histolyica) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of Bauhinia rufescens. Variety supreme court leaf petroleum ether and methanolic extracts. The highest activity against Entamoeba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 78.33% mortality within 72 h in 1000 ppm concentration, followed by the same extract which exhibited 75.12% mortality within 72 h with concentration of 500 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antiamoebic activity was recorded by methanol ether extract 60.20% mortality with 125 ppm concentration in 72 hours. The cytotoxicity of petroleum ether and methanol extracts had varying degrees of toxicity to Vero cell lines with IC50 391.39μg/ml for the petroleum ether extract and 488.32μg/ml for the methanol extract. These studies conducted for Bauhinia rufescens leafs was proved to have potent activities against Entamoeba histolyica trophozoites in vitro. And MTT assay verified the safety. Key Words: Bauhinia rufescens, Entamoeba histolyica, Cytotoxicity, AntiamoebicItem ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF B RUFESCENS (LAM)(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT Interest in natural products as a source for innovation in drug discovery and agrochemicals is still growing worldwide. Natural products, whose immense diversity has been appreciated for many years, may become in a rich source of novel chemical structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay) and phytochemical screening of methanol extract of B rufescens (leaves). The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) was tested for antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and phytochemical screening. The methanol extract of B rufescens (leaves) antioxidant activity was (81 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propyl galate levels (88 ± 0.07RSA%) and Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of B rufescens revealed that the plant contain triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Negative results were recorded for glycosides and coumarins. Hence, the results obtained in the present study indicate that B rufescens have promising antioxidant indicates that the plant could be promising agent in scavenging free radicals and treating diseases related to free radical reactions. Keywords: Antioxidant (DPPH-assay), Phytochemical, B rufescens (leaves)Item Antigiardial, antiamoebic and cytotoxic activity of the leaves extracts of Vitex trifolia(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT The World Health Organization ranks diarrheal disease as the second (after acute respiratory infections) most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the developing world. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are two of the most important and most widespread diarrhea-related parasitic protozoa in the world. Metronidazole is used as a drug of choice against amoebiasis and giardiasis. However, like a lot of other chemical agents, this drug has its own side effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate antigiardial, antiamoebic activity and explore the cytotoxicity of Vitex trifolia (leaves) variety supreme court leaves petroleum ether and methanolic extracts in vitro. The highest activity against Giardia lamblia, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 75.25% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm followed by the same extract which exhibited 72.07% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 500 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest antigiardial activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 58.92% mortality with 125 ppm concentration in 72 h. The highest activity against Entamoba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from methanolic extract which exhibited 61.64% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest antiamobic activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 53.62% mortality with 125 ppm concentration within 72 h. The cytotoxicity of methanol and petroleum ether extract had varying degrees of toxicity to Vero cell lines with IC50 349.07 μg/ml for the methanol extract and 369.77 μg/ml for the petroleum ether extract. Keywords: Vitex doniana (Leaves), antigiardial, antiamoebic, cytotoxicity, SudanItem Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of ethanolic leaves extract of Antigonon leptopus(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osmanhe leaves of Antigonon leptopus, belonging to the family Polygonaceae. A. leptopus is used as a treatment for cough and throat constriction in Sudan and considered as one of the important medicinal plants in their folk-medicine. The present study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay), phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity (MTT) of ethanol extract of A. leptopus (leaves). The ethanol extract of A. leptopus (leaves) was screened for detect their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as a standard antioxidant and screened for their cytotoxicity using 3- (4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Ethanol extracts of A. leptopus (leaves). The tested antioxidant activity gave (89 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propylgalate levels (72 ± 0.01RSA%), Primary phytochemical screening on leaves of A. leptopus appeared the rich of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, unsaturated sterol and/or triterpenes, flavonoids, glycosides and coumarins. And MTT assay appeared the safety of the extract. Key words: Antioxidant activities (DPPH), phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity (MTT), Antigonon leptopus (leaves)Item In vitro antitrichomonal activity of Xanthium brasilicum vell and Argemone mexicana L different extracts(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011) Elbadri E. OsmanABSTRACT Whole plants of Xanthium brasilicum and Argemone mexicana were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water and then prepared in different concentrations in order to be examined for their trichomonacidal activities in vitro. Their activity was compared with metronidazole using strains of Trichomonas vaginalis freshly isolated from patients. Methanolic extracts of X. brasilicum exhibit 100% inhibition at concentration 500 µg/ml after 192 h, this was compared with metronidazole powder which gave 98.5% inhibition at concentration 312.5 µg/ml at the same time, while the chloroform extracts gave inhibition 100% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 h, mean while, the water extracts gave 100% inhibition at 1000 µg/ml after 192 h. Water extract of A. mexicana gave 100% inhibition 1000 µg/ml after 192 h, while the chloroform and methanol extracts 1000 µg/ml gave 100% inhibition after 216 and 192 h respectively. These studies conducted for both X. brasilicum and A. mexicana they were proved to be potent activities against T. vaginalis.Item Antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of methanolic leaves extract of Bauhinia rufescens (Lam)(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. OsmanAbstract Interest in natural products as a source for innovation in drug discovery and agrochemicals is still growing worldwide. Natural products, whose immense diversity has been appreciated for many years, may become in a rich source of novel chemical structures. Our country is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity, which may be useful as a source of novel chemical structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay) and phytochemical screening of methanol extract of Bauhinia rufescens (leaves). The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) was tested for antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4- tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and phytochemical screening. The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) antioxidant activity was (81 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propyl galate levels (88 ± 0.07RSA%) and Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of B. rufescens revealed that the plant contain Triterpenes, alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins and Flavonoids. Negative results were recorded for glycosides and Coumarins. Hence, the results obtained in the present study indicate that B. rufescens have promising antioxidant agents; it indicates that the plant could be a promising agent in scavenging free radicals and treating diseases related to free radical reactions. Keywords: Antioxidant, (DPPH), Phytochemical, Bauhinia rufescensItem In Vitro Anticercarial Activities of some Sudanese Medicinal Plants of the Family Combretaceae(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2014) Elbadri E. OsmanAbstract-Eight ethanolic extracts of four Sudanese medicinal plants belonging to the family Combretaceae were investigated for their anticercarial activity. Those extracts were of Combretum aculeatum (leaves and roots), C. hartmannianum (leaves), C. glutinosum (leaves, stem and roots) and Terminalia laxiflora (leaves and seeds). All extracts showed varying degrees of anticercarial activity against cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni within 6 hours period of time. Cercariae exposed to Terminalia laxiflora seeds extract showed 100% mortality at concentration 5 ppm after one hour. Lowest calculated LC90 of C. glutinosum stem was 3.71 ppm after 3 hours of exposure, LC90 of C. glutinosum leaves was 5 ppm after 6 hours, of C. aculeatum leaves was 8.78 ppm after 2 hours, of C. aculeatum roots was 12.6 ppm after 5 hours, LC90 of Terminalia laxiflora leaves was 13.48 ppm after 6 hours, LC90 of C. glutinosum roots was 23.64 ppm after 6 hours and LC90 of C. hartmannianum leaves was 38.58 after one hour of exposure. Preliminary phytochemical screening conducted on studied plant extracts revealed that they are rich of tannins, unsaturated sterol and/or triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids. MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extracts. Index Terms: Cerceria, Schistosoma mansoni, CombretaceaeItem In vitro anti-trichomonal activity of three endogenous Sudanese forestry medicinal trees(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011) E. E. OsmanABSTRACT Trichomoniasis is the major worldwide sexual transmitting protozoal diseases (STPD) especially in the third world, caused by flagellated Trichomonas vaginalis. In the present work barks and fruits of three selected medicinal plants (Acacia seyal, A. senegal and Tamarindus indica) were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis with different concentrations. After 6 days exposure A.seyal bark gave 97, 85 and 78% mortality from methanol, chloroform and water extracts respectively at higher concerntration tested (1000 ppm), followed by A. Senegal bark which showed 85, 64 and 66% mortality at the same concentration, while the fruits of A seyal revealed 79, 79 and 58% mortality with highest concentration. For A. Senegal fruits 56, 74 and 72% was observed for methanol chloroform and water extracts respectively. However T. indica bark and fruit extracts were found the less active among the three investigated plants. Hence A. Seyal and A. Senegal can be considered of potent antitrichomonal activity rather than T. indica.