Browsing by Author "Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher"
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Item Assessment of Iron Profile among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Shendi Town(2022) Elham Mansour E Mohammed; Hamza Ahmed Hassan; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: This is a descriptive cross-sectional case-control study conducted in Al-Mak Nemir University Hospital in Shendi town to evaluate the iron profile in patients with chronic renal failure during the period March to July 2018. The study included thirty patients who were diagnosed with chronic renal failure and the study group was compared with ten healthy volunteers as a control group. Blood samples were collected from the two groups, Iron profile parameters were measured, Data was collected using a structured face-to-face questionnaire, and the (SPSS) version (11.5) program was used for data analysis. The study revealed the patients with chronic renal failure were (73.3%) male and (26.6%) female, distributed as (66.7%) have (31-50) years old, (23.3%) have (51-70) years old, and (10%) have (71-100) years old. The iron profile indicated that the mean values of S. iron, S. ferritin, and TIBC, were (182.2667ug/dL), (267.4000ug/L), and (195.2333ug/dL) respectively. This study showed that chronic renal failure is responsible for significant changes in iron profile.Item Detection of Bacterial Contaminants from Operating Theatres at Hospitals in Shendi City, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-02-23) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Wafa Bashir Haj Ahmed; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; ,Hadia Abass Eltaib; Abeer Abdelrazig OsmanAbstract: Background: Operating room contamination is recognized as one of the most common life-threatening microbial contaminations in hospital environments, especially operating rooms and other specialty units, and is an ever- increasing cause of nosocomial infections. Objective: The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify bacterial contaminants in Shendi hospital operating room. Between July-September 2021. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples were collected from various locations in the operating room and all isolated bacteria were identified. The study isolated five types of bacteria from the Shendi Hospital operating room. Results: The results showed that Micrococcus was the most common bacterial contaminant isolated from the operating room. Leteus 21 (32.3%) Staphylococci. Epidermis 16 (24.6%), Staphylococci aureus 11 (16.9%), Bacillus sp. 9 (13.8%), Bacillus cereus 8 (12.3%)) and the lowest contaminants were isolated from soil 15 (23%), and focus lamp 5 (7.7%). This study may point to the fact that the Shendi Hospital operating room had bacterial contamination that could lead to postoperative wound infections (SSI). Reasons for contamination may be due to excessive attendance, personnel movement, and ineffective sterilization and disinfection procedures. Conclusions: Bacterial contamination was highest in operating room beds, followed by carts, floors, and focused lambs. Micrococcus spp, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Bacillus species have proven to be the most serious contaminants in the operating room, and are a dangerous cause of hospital-acquired infections, killing patients and hospital staff threatening. This may indicate that the sterilization method is not efficient enough, putting the patient at risk for postoperative infection. Some organisms were resistant to Gentamicin and highly sensitive to Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, and CeftriaxoneItem Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs) among Urinary Tract Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023) Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Areej Osman Shik AldeenABSTRACT Background: Many different organisms can cause urinary tract infections, but Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most prevalent ones. 60% of all antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases around the world are beta-lactam antibiotics, one of the main classes used to fight gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Objective: The purpose of this study is to detect and isolate Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), which are responsible for urinary tract infections, as well as check for any potential medication resistance. Materials and Methods: The gram stain technique and biochemical assays were used to identify 100 urine samples from Khartoum state hospitals based on their cultural characteristics and morphological appearance. Using the disk diffusion method, the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Ceftriaxone). The Combination Disk Technique (clavulanic acid+third-generation cephalosporins) was used to inoculate the bacterial isolates to demonstrate their capacity to create ESBL. In comparison to non-ESBL producers, the ESBL producers were assessed. Results: E. coli, Klebsiella, S. aureus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas were among the microorganisms isolated from UTI patients. 61% of the participants in this study were female, whereas 39% were male. E. coli has an increased frequency among isolated bacteria, as it presented in 46% of urine cultures, followed by pseudomonas and Klebsiella, each with a 22% frequency. Growth of the majority of the bacteria was found among females more frequently than males, and it also seems to be among older age patients than younger. Amoxyl alone and in combination with Clavulanic Acid (AAMC) was the most medicine that bacteria were resistant to (76%), but Ceftriaxone (CTR) has higher sensitivity (45%) and resistance (50%). The growth of the bacteria in the media of antibiotics was sorted into sensitive, intermediate, and resistant. Conclusions: Tested antibiotic resistance was higher for AAMC than for CTR, which is typically taken without performing urine sample culture and sensitivity testing, which over time leads to increased resistance.Item Determination of Bacteriological Profile of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing among Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Shendi, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-05-10) Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader; Salma Salman Omer; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Urinary tract infection is a widespread microbial disease and 2nd most disease in women due to the anatomy of women type 2 diabetes is a high risk of infection of the urinary tract. Objective: To identify the agent that causes urinary tract infections in diabetic patients, select the best antibiotic, and assess the types of diabetes that are connected with urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: From May to August 2018, a hospital-based cross- sectional study was carried out. According to the established methodology, urine samples were obtained for culture and identification. All isolates underwent an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used to import the data from Epi-data version 3.2.1. Results: The study's findings indicated that E. coli is the most prevalent bacterium, with a prevalence of approximately (30.2%). It is followed by K. pneumoniae (26.3%), and then by Staphylococcus aureus and Saprophiticus in percentage (15%). Gentamicin has a high rate of antibiotic sensitivity (approximately 36%), while Ceftazidime has a high rate of antibiotic resistance (about 35%). Around (52%) of people are resistant to Ceftriaxone and Cloxacillin. Conclusions: There was a high rate of UTI in diabetes patients. Female diabetics were more likely to experience UTIs than male diabetics.E. coli and K. pneumoniae species making up the majority of isolates. The isolated pathogens were highly susceptible to Gentamicin, Cloxacillin, and Ceftriaxone. These findings demonstrate the importance of glycemic management in diabetics for reducing UTIs, regardless of age or sex. By treating UTIs with the appropriate antimicrobial medications and monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated microorganisms, antibiotic-resistant urinary organisms can be managed.Item Effect of Obesity on Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels at Atbara Town, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-11-07) Malaz Abd Alslam Omer; Mosab Omer Khalid; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Obesity is a condition of excess adipose tissue associated with hormonal imbalances associated with the degree of obesity. Objective: To assess the effects of obesity on thyroid-stimulating hormone in Sudanese subjects in Atbara, Nile State. Materials and Methods: Collect 40 samples from randomly selected obese and overweight (male and female) subjects in Atbara City, Nile State. Between July and September 2021. Efficacy was evaluated in 20 healthy subjects with normal BMI of TSH levels of obesity as a control group. Serum TSH levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay analyzer (TOSOH) and results were analyzed using the Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS) computer program. Results: The results of this study showed the mean concentration of TSH levels in obese subjects (mean ± SD) (1.248 ± 0.48915) and controls (1.480 ± 0. 3), P. value = 0.07 and was also non significant. Also showed that the mean concentration of BMI, waist circumference and waist hip ratio and TSH level was (33.58,106.187,1.07,1.24) with P. value (0.063,0.404,0.064,0.860) respectively, which is insignificantly. Conclusions: Obesity has no effect on TSH levels, and it is concluded that there is no correlation between BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and TSH levels.Item Immunohistochemical Expression of CDX2 as Early Biomarkers for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Gastritis(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-09-13) Zeinab Ali Mohamed; Ibrahim B Elemam; Mohammed Abdelgader Elsheikh; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Chronic gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori can cause intestinal metaplasia, a pathologic change that is frequently a precursor of gastric cancer; CDX2 has an essential role in the development and maintenance of intestinal differentiation in the gut and ectopic sites such as intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Objective: This study aimed to investigate caudal-type home box (CDX2) Immuno expression as an early indicator for gastric intestinal metaplasia among Sudanese patients with chronic gastritis. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Atbara Medical Complex and El-MakNimr University Hospital at River Nile State in the period from 2019 to 2022. 140 archival paraffin tissue blocks were collected from patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis, immunohistochemistry was used to detect (CDX2 expression as an early indicator for gastric intestinal metaplasia. Results: From 140 samples, 80 were females (57.1 %) and 60 were males (42.9%), the patient's ages ranged from (12 to 97) with a mean age of (53.27) years, and age was categorized into three groups, less than 40 (27) (19.3%), 40- 60 (64) (45.7%), more than 60 (49) (35.0%). The prevalence of gastric intestinal metaplasia was (17.9%, while no statistically significant correlation of gastric intestinal metaplasia with gender and age as the P.value was (0.308 and 0.256) respectively. Conclusion: The development of gastric intestinal metaplasia as a premalignant condition of gastric carcinoma is important to detect this change at an early point to prevent and control gastric cancer.Item Immunohistochemical Expression of NKX3.1 in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Correlates with Tumors Grade among Sudanese(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-04-27) Ibrahim Bakhit Yousif Elemam; Duaa Sharaf Eldin Safi Eldin Ahmed; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahja; , Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: The second most frequent cancer in males and the fourth most common cancer overall for both sexes is prostate cancer. On chromosome 8p, there is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene called NKX3.1. Despite the fact that the majority of primary prostatic adenocarcinomas exhibit positive NKX3.1 protein staining. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of NKX3.1in prostate adenocarcinoma and correlate it with tumor grades among Sudanese patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive cross- sectional study, was conducted in Khartoum state, (Radiation& Istopes Center- Khartoum (RICK)). Tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemical staining against NKX3.1 (indirect dextral polymers (Dako- EnVision TM Flex kit)) was carried out on forty (40) archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from patients diagnosed as prostate carcinoma. Data were collected from hospital records and the immunohistochemical results and then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 frequency, and Chi-Square and mean were calculated. Results: The study found that the most frequent age group is between (71 – 80) years old, twenty (20) cases have prostate adenocarcinoma grade III, twelve (12) cases were grade II, and eight (8) cases were grade I. Any nuclear NKX3.1 staining was regarded as positive. Thirty-five (35%) have NKX3 positive immunostain while (65%) have a negative result. There is a statistically significant correlation between the NKX3.1 expressions and tumor grade as the P. value was (0.000), while in a statistically significant correlation between the NKX3 expressions and patients' age as the P. value was (0.957). Conclusions: NKX3 immuno expression is strongly associated with higher tumor grade and may prove the role of this protein in the progression of prostate cancer.Item In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ginger Extract (Zingiberofficinale) on Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Patient with Urinary Tract Infections in Shendi Locality, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-02-21) Ibtihal Ibrahem M. Ahmed; Leila Mohamed.AAbdelgader; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Urinary tract infections frequently occur in diabetic patients due to an impaired immune status and increased glucose content in the urine among other reasons. This makes UTIs very important to investigate. Complicated cases of UTI may be frequent but are more common in diabetics with more severe consequences. And so warrant further investigations. The proper management of UTI in diabetics is crucial as prompt diagnosis and correct use of antibiotics are vital for treatment. Finding alternative antimicrobial agents from plant extracts has received growing interest. Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) is a safe, non-toxic, cheap spice that has been reported to have antimicrobial effects against various pathogenic bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger extract on different types of bacteria isolated from diabetic patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Methodology: A cross- sectional and hospital-based study has been conducted at the University of Shendi –faculty of medical laboratory sciences- department of microbiology from May to November 2018. Following informed consent, 100 diabetic patients suffering from UTI of different ages were enrolled in this study. Sixty-two bacteria were isolated, different Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in vitro sensitivity testing using a well diffusion technique against ginger extract. Results: The main causative agent of UTI in the study population was E. coli 32.3% then S. aureus 29%, S. saprophyticus 29%, and E. faecalis9.7%. The largest diameter of the inhibition zone appeared in Gram-positive S.saprophyticus (13.4mm). The concentrations of ginger extract used were 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml. mean of inhibition zone of chloramphenicol for isolated bacteria S.aureus 31mm, S.saprophyticus 20.2 mm, E.coli 17.7mm, and faecalis24.6mm. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was compared with that of standard antimicrobial chloramphenicol based on the mean diameter of the inhibition zone. The extract exhibited maximum relative percentage inhibition against S.saprophyticus(42.3%) and minimum relative percentage inhibition against S. aureus (6.3%)Item Prevalence of Different Types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-12-30) Mohammed Esam. A. Aidaros; , Oshiak Ahmed Sharif; , Mubarak Al-hamodi; , Ghanem M. Mahjaf; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; , Yagoob Garedaghi; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan, during the period from November 2019 to February 2020. This study was conducted in Shendi, Sudan, which lies 150 km from the national capital of the Republic of Sudan, Khartoum. Methods: One hundred samples were taken, and the study was conducted in several hospitals in Shendi (Shendi teaching hospital, Almak Nimer hospital, and many laboratories in Shendi). This study examined different types of malaria parasite among the population of Shendi, taking into account the age, gender, residence. A rapid immunochromatographic test and blood film were used to diagnose the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum compared to the other types of Plasmodium. Results: On blood film test, 98% of already diagnosed cases of malaria by microscope were positive, and only 2% were negative; furthermore, 96 % of malaria cases were caused by P. falciparum, and only 2 % were caused by Plasmodium vivax. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the incidence of malaria was high in the study area. More than two-thirds of patients diagnosed with malaria in Shendi in 2019-2020 were young aged 15-30 years, and more than half of the cases were female. Blood film examination is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. P. falciparum was responsible for 96% of cases, and the other species were much less common.Item valuation of Prothrombin Time Activated Partial Thrombo plastin Time and Fibrinogen Level in Diabetic Pregnant Women in Shendi Town, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-09-01) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Alsayed Nouh M. Aldoush; Mohammed Osman Ali; Rahma Abdo Ahmed Osman; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; mmar abdelmolaAbstract Background: Pregnancy is a unique physiological event that might have an impact on a woman›s coagulation and fibrinolytic system. Pregnant women and fetuses may be at risk for thrombotic and bleeding problems due to an abnormally hypercoagulable state during diabetic pregnancy. Thus, pregnant women must have regular coagulation tests to keep track of their coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Objective: This research was carried out to analyze Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and fibrinogen level in diabetic pregnant and normal pregnant women in Shendi town in Almak Nemer hospital during the period from June to November 2021. Materials and Methods: In tri-sodium citrate, 150 venous blood samples total were taken, 100 from diabetic pregnant women as cases and 50 from healthy pregnant women as controls. A questionnaire was employed to gather certain patient-related data. Coagulometer tests were performed on blood samples. Results: It was found that pregnant women with diabetes had a significant increase in PT and APTT but a minor increase in fibrinogen when compared to the control result. PT and PTT values were insignificant increase with age, number of pregnancies, and thestage of pregnancy. Conclusions: In diabetic pregnant women, alterations in the levels of coagulation markers were seen. And the coagulation parameter ranges were reported, which can serve as a point of reference for medical professionals to more precisely monitor the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in pregnant diabetic patients.