Browsing by Author "Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad"
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Item Assessment of Adequacy of Nutritional Support in COVID-19 Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy in Multi Isolation Centers in Khartoum State and its Relation to Outcomes(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-07-18) Farh Ahmed Elhassan Mohamed; Ihab Babiker Abdulrhman; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Beginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Nutrition support has become one of the important treatments for severe and critical patients. Objective: To assess the adequacy of nutritional support in COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support. Methods: A multicenter prospective study enrolled 88 COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support in Fedail Hospital, Albaraha Hospital, Aliaa Hospital, and Royal Care Hospital during the period from January to April 2021. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, types of oxygen therapy, vital signs, laboratory investigations, methods of nutrition support, estimated calorie achievement, and outcomes were collected. Nutritional adequacy was assessed by using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS- 2002) test. Results: Among 88 patients, 50(56.8%) were males and 38(43.2%) were females; their mean age was 67±11 years. CPAP (n=28; 32%) and mechanical ventilation (n=27; 27%) were the main types of oxygen therapies. Estimated calories were achieved in only 36(40.9%) of patients and failure to the achievement of estimated calories was commonly due to hypoxia (n=33; 37.5%) and poor appetite (n=23; 26.1%). About 66(75%) patients were adequately nourished, 16(18.2%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 6(6.8%) patients were malnourished. The mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition (P. value= 0.000), and parental feeding modes (P. value= 0.000), and underweighted BMI (mean= 17.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Moreover, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with risk of malnutrition (P.value= 0.000), NG feeding (P. value= 0.000) and overweighed BMI (mean= 28.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Additionally, mortality and multi-organ failure were significantly correlated with hypoalbuminemia among our study subjects (P. value= 0.001). Conclusion: The rates of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 6.8% and 18.2% among COVID-19 patients who received oxygen therapy, respectively. Inadequacy of nutritional support or failure in the achievement of estimated calories among our study subjects were commonly due to hypoxia and poor appetite. Mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition, parental feeding modes, and underweighted BMI. Furthermore, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with the risk of malnutrition, NG feeding, and overweighed BMI. Both, mortality and multi-organ failure were correlated with hypoalbuminemiaItem Comparison of Anti VEGF and Laser Photocoagulation in Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-03-12) Salma Mahmoud El Awad; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Nuha Mohamed Fath Elrahman; Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad; Abd Elaziz Mohamed Elmadina; Manzoor Ahmad Qureshi; Adil Mousa Younis; Abrar Ahmad BhattiAbstract Background: To investigate the relationship of central macular thickness measure and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema (DME) before and after treatments using Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab and laser. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional retrospective study was done in Khartoum state at Al Faisal Eye Center. Heidelberg OCT was used to measure central macular thickness and visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated by Snellen’s chart. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Result: A total of 102 treated patients including both male/female were enrolled with mean age 55 ± 5.41. Paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in all types of treatments based on mean vision of treated patients. With Ranibizumab the pre and post treatment mean vision was (0.20 ± 0.16) and (0.30 ± 0.25) respectively with t (-3.2) and P value 0.002. With Bevacizumab it was (0.18 ± 0.16) and (0.37 ± 0.26) respectively with t (-6.12) P value < 0.001 and with laser it was (0.28 ± 0.20) and (0.38 ± 0.27) respectively with t (-2.8) and P value 0.008.A significant difference was found in all types of treatments regarding mean of central macular thickness of treated patients. In patients treated with Ranibizumab the pre and post treatment thickness was (403.6 ± 127) and (293.6 ± 72.7) respectively with t (5.92), with Bevacizumab it was (389.3 ± 134.2) and (276.1 ± 62.6) respectively with t (5.93) and with laser it was (370.1 ± 120.7) and (280.9 ± 64.3) respectively with t (4.67) and P value < 0.001. Conclusion: Diabetic macular edema leads to blurred vision ranging from slight blurring to noticeable vision loss and Bevacizumab showed sustained improvements in vision and retinal anatomy than Ranibizumab and laser.Item Efficacy of Pethidine in the Treatment of Postoperative Shivering on Elective Caesarean Section Patients at Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-05-24) Jamil A. Alshdadi; Mohammed K. Ahmed; Sonia A. Ahmed; Ghanem M. Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Tarig Mohamed Ahmed MohamedAbstract: Shivering is one of the most common complications of neuraxial blockade. Some patients find shivering sensation worse than surgical pain post-operatively. Therefore, both prevention and treatment of established shivering should be regarded as clinically relevant interventions during the preoperative period. This prospective experimental study was conducted at Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital and aimed to measure the efficacy of pethidine when used for the treatment of postoperative shivering following spinal anesthesia during the period from November 2018 to February 2019. The sample size included of 40Patients within the American Society of Anesthesia type two physical statuses;25 mg pethidine diluted in 5 ml Normal saline-injected intra veins. All patients were monitored for temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, these parameters were recorded preoperative, and post 10 minutes of operative, then after 10 minutes of pethidine dose administration. Data were analyzed by using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The statistical results showed that there was a significant relationship between hypothermia and the presence of shivering. 90% of cases resolved to shivering, whereas 10% did not resolve, just 2.5% had Nausea and Vomiting and no side effects on the Respiratory and cardiac Systems. Based on those results the study concluded that: a small dose of pethidine 25 mg intra veins is very effective in resolving postoperative shivering with minimum side effects in the gastrointestinal tract and Good Cardiopulmonary stability. The study recommended that: warming tools should be available for patients to prevent heat loss, close monitoring of Patient's temperature intraoperative and in the recovery room, and use of 25mg Pethidine in the Presence of shivering intraoperative or post-spinal anesthesia.Item Moringa oliefera Leaves Powder Controlling Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus Patients , No Side Effect in Kidney and Liver Enzymes(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-09-06) Noor Elsham A. Yousif; Shaza O. Mustafa; Eman. Z. E.Yassin; , Fania. A. Albdar; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Moringa oleifera grown and used in many countries around the world is a multi-purpose tree with medicinal and nutritional values. This study evaluates the effect of taking moringa oleifera leaves powder on blood sugar levels in humans, and study side effect on kidney (urea, creatinine) and liver enzyme (AST, ALT) after taken leaves powder for a month. The study targeted patients who their blood glucose not lowering by drugs. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT for all diabetic patients was determined before and after taking 0.5g leaves powder. Results showed blood sugar levels decreased statistically significant (p<0.001) for all diabetic patients, and no statistically significant difference in the mean values of urea, creatinine, (AST) and (ALT) before and after taking leaves powder (p˃0.001). This study concluded that leaves powder have a significant impact on anti-diabetic property for the selected patients, so it's promising in the prevention for risk of diabetes mellitus.Item olecular Detection of Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Gram negative Rods Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Khartoum State(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-08-17) Areej Zakaria; Zeinab Mohammed Abdo; MF Ismail; Abdelhakam H. Ali; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Mawada RhmtallahAbstract Background: The emergence of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 colistin-resistance genes in bacteria poses a potential threat for treatment of patients, especially when hospitalized. The pinpoints of this study were to search for the presence of mcr 1genein the thick of gram negative rods (Eschericea coli, Klebsiella spieces, Pseudomonas speices, Proteus speices, Aceinetobacter species, Serritia and Citrobacter species) isolates from clinical specimen using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Methods: In this study, 185 nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical specimens were tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility test on 11 antibiotics was done by Kirby baur disk diffusion method. The presence of mcr-1 gene was investigated by PCR technique. Results: Out of 185 non duplicate Enterobacteriaceae, 6 isolates show positive mcr-1 gene including one Isolate (16.4%) Pseudomonas aeurginosa from urine sample, and 5 (83.3%) Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from two wound sample (40%), one high vaginal swab sample (20%), one blood sample (20%) and one urine sample (20%). Most of Isolates that harboring mcr-1 gene detected by PCR isolated from patients were used antibiotics for treatment (n=4 (66.6%)). Conclusion: Colistin (Polymycin E) which used for treating Gram- negative bacterial infections should be mainly used for treating the severest infection to preserve their effectiveness and to avoid transferring of the gene from one bacterium to other by the different methods of genes transferring.Item Prevalence of schistosomiasis among school aged children in Altakamol area, Khartoum state, Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-10-10) Trig Mohamed Elfaki; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Essam Zarrug; Hussein Omer Musa Mohammed; Sally Hassan Mohammed,; Randa Alaageb Haj Ahmad,; Rabab Mohammed Eltaher; asneem Isamaldein Ahamed KarrarAbstract Schistosoma haematobium is a causative agent of urinary Schistosomiasis and Schistosoma mansoni causing intestinal Schistosomiasis which is wide spread worms in the world and are considered a foremost health problem in the Sudan. Cross sectional study was carried out among school aged children in Altakamol area - Khartoum state, from February to March 2017 to recognize the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni among school children in the area. One hundred sixty samples were collected randomly using random systematic manner including, 80samples from male and 80 from female. Forty urine samples and 40 stool samples were collected form student at class 3, 5, 6 and 7 and examined macroscopically and microscopically. The data collected through questionnaire. Of the 160 participants6 infected with Schistosoma hematobium and 2 were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The overall prevalence of Schistosomiasis in the area was 5%.Significant association was observed between gender and age and acquiring Schistosoma infection (p =0.01). Further study among school children with large sample size is needed.Item Protein C Level and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Neonatal Sepsis(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-02-07) Albara Ahmed; Babiker Mohammed; Abdelhalim Nasr; Wafa Elhag; Awadelkareem Abass; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract Aim: The researchers intended to evaluate Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Protein C (PC) amongst Sudanese neonates with sepsis (Cases) in Omdurman maternity hospital, Sudan related with healthy neonates (controls) for recognizing haemostatic alteration in APTT and PC amongst neonatal sepsis which cumulative yearly in Sub Saharan African countries along with incessant home-grown efforts by governmental bodies and NGOs. Results: An overall of 100 neonates alienated similarly into septic cases and healthy controls, died neonates were constituted 10 (20%) while 40 (80%) were recovered between case group. APTT showed noteworthy continuation in septic neonates compared to controls (mean; 47.8 and 37.5 sec for cases and controls, respectively) P-value was 0.00. Amongst patients group: dead neonates exhibited significant prolongation matched recovered (mean; 61.5 and 44.4 sec) P-value 0.00. PC showed noteworthy reduction in dead neonates compared to recovered (mean; 25.4 and 36.2% for dead and improved). P-value 0.04. Insignificant change in PC was found amid case and control group. None of the sex, gestational age, delivery method, sepsis onset, and causative agent displayed noteworthy correlation with APTT and PC. APTT&PC can be valuable as indicator of neonatal sepsis mortality. Conclusion: APTT was meaningfully prolonged in neonatal sepsis (P-value 0.00). APTT also prolonged considerably in deceased septic neonates matched to recovered one (P-value 0.00). PC reduced expressively in dead neonates compared to recover in case group (P-value 0.04). Prolonged APTT and reduce PC can be valuable as a marker for neonatal sepsis mortality.Item Seroprevalence of Rotavirus among Selected Group of Sudanese Children(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-04-02) Abdelhakam H. Ali; Huzafia Abdallah Khalid Saad; Mossab Balla Abdallah Abdalrahem; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Rota virus is the second causes of diarrhea among childrenIn Sudan [2]. The current study was conduct to detect rotavirus gastroenteritis among vaccinated children Methodolgy: A total of59 diarrheal samples was collected from children with acute diarrhea admittedto Mohammed AL Amin Hamid paediatric Hospital throw period from October to November 2019, ELISA was dine to detect Rota virus antigen. Result: Out of 59 samples 84.7% was vaccinated were 15.3% was unvaccinated.in total of 50 vaccinated children 30% is re-infected with rota virus with acute to chronic illness and show positive antigen with ELISA. Conclusions: vaccinated children is infected with rota virus and symptoms is occurs samples for virus antigen was record positive result in ELISA this may related to other genotype or serotype or mutation.Item Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Among Pregnant Sudanese Ladies(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-04-01) Abd Ewahid Mohammed Ahmed Elrofai; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdurrahman; Elamin Elawad Ali; Wadie Mohammed Yasin Elmadhoun; Nassreden Khalid AbdelrahmanAbstract Introduction: The present study aimed to find the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and assess its associated risk factors among pregnant women. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was carried out in the period between January 2009 and December 2010 in Eldammar, River Nile State, Sudan. Chi-square was used for trend analysis, and P value was used to declare the statistical significance between the variables. Results: A total of 383 pregnant women (age range: 16–45 years) visiting Eldammar teaching hospital and other health centers for antennal care were selected. Using latex agglutination test (LAT), 74.7% (285/383) were positive for toxoplasmosis . ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used for IgM & IgG confirmatory, and the results showed that 26% (74/285) and 34.7% (99/285) were positive for toxoplasmosis. There was a significant correlation between serological evidence of toxoplasmosis and low education level, eating undercooked meat, and drinking raw milk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women of the studied population. A positive correlation was reported between toxoplasmosis and low education level, eating undercooked meat, and drinking raw milk.Item Seroprevalence of Treponema Palladium Infection among Blood Donors in Darfur Region, Western Sudan 201(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-04-10) Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdurrahman; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Marawa Ahmed and Mohammed Abd ErahmanABSTRACT Background: Treponema palladium (T.P) is a pathogenic bacteria induces syphilis, a systemic disease spread by sexual contact, blood transfusions. Objective: To recognize Treponema palladium seropositive blood donors and to explore the association between syphilis serological evidence and age as well as demographic information. Methods: In Darfur, Western Sudan, a retrospective analysis of sequential blood donation results from January to December 2017 was conducted. Percentages were used to measure the descriptive numbers. The p-value was used to assess the statistical significance of the measure, and the Chi-square was used to test trends. Results: A total of 4527 people volunteered to donate blood. They were all men between the ages of 17 and 49. A total of 493 (10.9 %) donors tested positive for syphilis, while 4034 (89.1 %) tested negative. study showed insignificant correlation between residence and serological evidence of syphilis (P = 0.23). Age was shown to be a strong indicator of transfusion-transmissible infections (P = 0.02). As compared to the other age classes, the frequency of (21-25) and (26-30) years was higher (51/428) 10.6% and (141/971) 12.7 %, respectively. Conclusions: In North Darfur, a high prevalence of Treponema palladium infection has been documented among blood donors. There was no statistically significant association between syphilis and occupancy, although there was a strong prevalence in a particular age demographic with a statistically significant correlation.Item Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of 3- nitrobenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone and it's Metal Complexes(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-12-01) Mohammed Bahreldin Hussein; Anwar Hamed Nassri; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: This study was carried out to synthesize and characterize 3-nitrobenzealdhyde thiosemicarbazone ligand and it's transitional metal complexes with Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Cobalt(II) and to evaluate their activity against bacteria and fungi. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR and UV methods. The results of FT-IR and UV spectra of the ligand and its metal complexes confirm the formation of azomethine group (-C=N-H) accompanied with the absence of carbonyl group (C=O) and formation of (M-N) and (M-S) bonds with all metal ions. The results assign that the ligand is neutral and bidentate species which coordinated via azomethine N and thione S with all three metal ions and the silver nitrate test indicates that the chloride ion was out of coordination sphere. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against four types of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +ve) Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram –ve) and one fungi (Candida ablicans) with different concentrations (75 and 100)mg/ml was carried out using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the free ligand and Copper (II) complex were inactive against all types of bacteria and fungi and the Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) complexes exhibited different activities against four types of bacteria and fungiItem The Conventional Diagnostic Techniques of Malaria in Endemic Areas: A Review of the Approaches with Focus on Newly Noninvasive Methods(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023) Ammar A Abdelmola; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract Background: Malaria continues to be a major global health problem, with over 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths estimated to occur annually. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential to decrease the burden and impact of this disease, particularly in children. We aimed to review the main available techniques for the diagnosis of clinical malaria in endemic settings and explore possible future options to improve its rapid recognition. Methods: Electronic databases including, Google, Google Scholar, PMC, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus were rigorously searched using the terms Malaria diagnosis, Microscopy for malaria, plasmodium detection, Rapid diagnostic tests, PCR for malaria for the completion of this descriptive review. Result: Literature review shows that Light microscopy is still considered the gold standard method for malaria diagnosis and continues to be at the frontline of malaria diagnosis. However, technologies such as rapid diagnostic tests, mainly those that detect histidine-rich protein-2, offer an accurate, fast, and affordable alternative for malaria diagnosis in endemic areas. They are now the technique most extended in endemic areas for parasitological confirmation. In these settings, PCR-based assays are usually restricted to research and they are not currently helpful in the management of clinical malaria. Other technologies, such as isothermal methods could be an exciting and alternative approach to PCR in the future. Conclusion: Available evidence suggests that the role of RDT, despite its increasing false negatives, is still the most feasible diagnostic test because it is easy to use, fast and does not need expensive equipment. Noninvasive tests that do not require a blood sample, but use saliva or urine, are some of the recent tests under development that have the potential to aid malaria control and elimination. Therefore, future innovation will be required to apply more sensitive and affordable methods in resource-limited settings.