Browsing by Author "Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed"
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Item A Review of Sudanese Maternal Deaths(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-09-06) Nezar Mohammed Kheir Mohammed; Taha Umbeli Ahmed; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Nahla Ahmed Mohammad Abdelrahman; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: The fifth Millennium Development Goal aims for a decrease in maternal mortality and universal access to high quality reproductive health care. Every year, around a third of a million women die as a result of pregnancy-related complications. Three quarters of these deaths might have been avoided. One of the most important markers of mother and child health care is the Maternal Mortality Ratio. One of the most significant aims of the national family welfare program is to reduce maternal fatalities are thought to be preventable. Objective: The study's focus is to document, investigate, and report the events and circumstances behind maternal fatalities, as well as to study maternal deaths in River Nile State in order to identify the maternal mortality rate and causes of death. Methodology: This is a hospital and community-based research that took place from January to December 2018 at River Nile State. Information on every maternal death was obtained using a questionnaire which was filled out and rechecked to completely cover State, and then analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The overall number of live births was 25988, with 29 incidents of maternal death. 112/100000 live births was the death rate. 27 of the patients (93%) died in a hospital, whereas two instances (7%) died at home. Obstetric hemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal death in seven cases (24.1%), followed by hypertensive disorders in seven cases (24.1%), sepsis in four cases (17.2%), indirect obstetric causes in three cases (10.3%), embolism (PE & AFE) in three cases (10.3%), unclassified causes in four cases (13.7%), and abortion in one case (3.4 %). The bulk of the cases were delayed at home (14 cases, 48.3%), with 10 cases (34.4%) having no delay and five (17.2%) being delayed in reaching hospitals. Unfortunately, 19 instances (65.5%) died as a result of preventable causes. Conclusion: In 2018, the maternal death rate in River Nile State was 112/100,000 live births, which was higher than in the previous report. Maternal fatalities were mostly caused by hemorrhage, hypertensive diseases, and sepsis. The bulk of deaths were postponed until they reached their final destination. Keywords: Maternal, Death, Atbara, River Nile, Sudan. Abbreviations: MMR; Maternal Mortality Ratio, AFE; Amniotic fluid embolism, LB; Live Births, SMIs; Safe Motherhood Initiatives, MDG; Millennium Development Goal, HIV; Human Immune Virus, SHHS; Sudan Household Health Survey, MDR; Maternal Death Ratio, WHO; World Health Organization ANC; Antenatal Care, CS; Cesarean Section, FSB; Fetal stillbirth, MSB; Macerated stillbirth, PND; Perinatal Neonatal Death, EmONC; Emergency Obstetrics and Neo-natal Care, PHC; Primary Health Care, PPH; Post-Partum Hemorrhage, APH; Anti-Partum HemorrhageItem Bacterial Keratitis in Contact Lens Wearers in Khartoum(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-09-05) Abduwahab Abakar Fadil,; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Magdi Babikir Omer; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman; Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Abdulwahab Abkar Fadel MohammedAbstract: Background: In both industrialized and developing nations, contact lenses have become a popular substitute for eyeglasses. However, unpleasant reactions can develop during contact lens usage in some cases, and a variety of microorganisms—including bacteria, fungus, and free-living amoebae—may cause a variety of eye infections. The goal of this study was to identify contaminated bacteria from contact Wearers. Method: With the use of sterilized cotton swabs, samples were taken from eye lens solution bottles and cultivated directly on solid medium. All samples were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey's agar and cultured at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Cultures were declared negative if no growth was detected after 48 hours. On the basis of culture diagnosis by growing on medium and completing biochemical tests, bacteria were identified using Gram's staining. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data, which included demographic data as well as risk variables. For data input and analysis of the patient demographic information, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences application (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20 was used. Simple descriptive statistics were used to assess the results of the culture, biochemical test, gram stain, and demographic data. Every two variables were compared using the Chi-square test. A statistically significant p value was less than 0.05. Result: A total of 150 samples were taken from an aqueous solution of contact lenses in order to isolate microorganisms. Bacteria were isolated from 84 samples in an aqueous solution, whereas 66 samples were found to be growth negative. Pseudomonas aeurogenosa was the most often isolated bacterium, with 39 (46 %), Stapylococcus epidermidis 27 (32%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (14 %), and Escherichia coli 6 (7%), respectively. Conclusion: The research demonstrates a range of bacteria in the contact lens solution under evaluation, with pseudomonas bacteria being the most frequent. In addition, users who shared contact lenses had more isolated bacteria encounters. The most preventive factor was found to be high compliance with lens care practices, whereas inadequate compliance with hand washing before wearing lenses was associated to a high contamination rate.Item Effects of Leishmania Species on Immune Response against Malaria Parasite in Malaria Leishmania Coinfections(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-12-08) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Sufian Khalid M. Noor; Awadalla H. Kashif c‡,Eltayeb; Mohammed Medani; Bader Saud Alotaibi; Elizabeth Popova; Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan; Yassin Bakri Salih; Yassin Saad Elhossin; Tarig Mohammed Elfaki; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim AhmedBoth malaria and leishmania are most widespread protozoon parasitic diseases, certainly in tropical countries of the world. Malaria leishmania coinfection is common in leishmaniasis endemic areas which is mostly endemic to malaria too. Researchers notice that in cases of malaria leishmania coinfection , leishmania species find the some extent the outcome of malaria infection , but also behavior of malaria parasite species play a significant role to figure the consequences of it. While L. donovani protect from severe malaria complications by suppression of major histocompatibility class Ⅱ , so it diminish the clinical severity of malaria but not malaria parasite density due to dysfunction of major histocompatibility class I, which controlled by suppressed one, In another side L. mexicana tends to sequester in macrophages and lead to severe clinical outcomes when it coexisted with malaria parasite at same host. Experimental studies required to know more information about coinfection of different malaria and leishmania species to establish clinical research. Leishmania infection excluded when studies aim to assess the immune response to only malaria parasite, experimental studies required involving different species of malaria and leishmania.Item Efficiency of Actolind Solution in Reduction of Jugular Catheter Site Infection in Sudanese Patients with End Stage Renal Disease(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-06-07) Areeg Salih Abdel Aziz Ahmed; Sahar Muddather Mohammed; Abdel Wahid Ali Abdel Wahid Mohamed; Gwahir Ebrahim Osman IbnIdriss; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadAbstract: Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is the most extensively used dialysis method globally, and it necessitates vascular access. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts, and central venous catheters (CVC), which can be tunneled or not, are all methods for gaining access. Vascular access is a major risk factor for bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality among HD patients. The efficacy of Actolind solution in suppressing jugular catheter infection sites in patients with positive jugular catheter culture swab was investigated, as well as the efficiency of Actolind solution opposed to iodine. Methodology: This was a prospective, randomized, comparable efficacy clinical trial completed at the renal unit of the Port Sudan teaching hospital's renal dialysis center. The patient group was recruited from across the Red Sea State. A retrospective study of 50 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were either on upkeep HD or were scheduled to receive a kidney transplant as soon as possible. Sociodemographics, comorbidities, and microbiological growth outcomes were gathered prior to and after the interventional procedure. Results: According to the results, the male to female ratio was 4:1. There were 39 males and 11 females. All of the patients had ESRD, with 10 of them being hypertensive and diabetic, 34 being diabetic solely, and 16 being hypertension exclusively. Gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and yeasts constituted 32 (64%), 20 (40%), and 6 (12%) of the cultivars, respectively. Seven patients out of fifty had mixed infections (14%). Forty-one wound swab results after intervention were negative, while nine patients had persistent infection confirmed by positive cultures. Conclusion: Removal of CVC due to infection or catheter malfunction occurred less often with Actolind-based lock solutions. We present the prospective comparing Actolind - and iodine -based lock solutions yet. However, due to the retrospective observational nature of this study, conclusions with regard to superiority should be considering.Item Impact of Uric Acid in Malaria Outcomes(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Yassin Bakri Salih; Sufian Khalid M. Noor; Awadalla H Kashif; Mohammed Medani Eltayeb; Bader Saud Alotaibi; Elizabeth Popova; Rania Saad Abdulgader; Abdelgadir Elamin Eltom; Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan; Tarig Mohamed Elfaki1; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim AhmedUp to the date variations of malaria pathogenesis between human populations signify important trouble facing scholars concerned with malaria pathology. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns may be one of the main keys to the well understanding of malaria mechanism and dissimilarity of clinical outcomes of the disease between people. Uric acid is regarded as a dangerous alarming metabolite, resulting from plasmodium activity inside infected red blood cells, furthermore, levels of uric acid correlate with the development of intracellular malaria parasites. Hypoxanthine resulting from the breakdown of haemoglobin by Plasmodium species is very important in malaria pathogenesis, because plasmodia use it as a nutrient and after rupture of schizonts the remaining of it is converted to uric acid due to the action of Xanthine oxidase, and that gave a strong linkage between malaria pigment density and severity of malaria infection. Uric acid is the main cause of arthritis which is one of the common clinical features of malaria, it induces the inflammatory response and many cytokines involved, genes related to hyperuricemia involved discrepancy of clinical outcomes between malaria patients.Item Incidence of Dengue Infection among Febrile Patients in Port Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-04-26) AreegSalih Abdel Aziz Ahmed; Tahani Bashir Mohammeddeen Ahmed; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; ElSheikh Mahgoub Gaafar; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman; Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman Adam; MosabNouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Dalal Salih Abdel-aziz; Marawa Ahmed Mohammed AbdErahmanABSTRACT Objective: Aiming to detect dengue virus antibodies in clinically suspicious patients’ serum, contributing to clinical and laboratory advancements in dengue infection management, exploring the association between a clinico-laboratory makeup and Dengue fever, and enhancing the capacity to anticipate, diagnose, and respond to dengue infection. Methods: At Port Sudan 2015, a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was implemented. Six tertiary care hospitals in Port Sudan were included in the report. Patients who attended assigned hospitals with a suspected dengue infection were investigated. Individuals who are at least 9 months old, residency in study area for at least 7 days, pyrexia with unspecified cause for 2-7 days, thrombocytopenia in malaria negative blood film, as well as ages of 9 months and older considerably involved. Gender, age, residency, and clinical symptoms were used as independent variables while dengue patients posing as the dependent variable. Sample size approximation was created based on previous African community studies. To target respondents, a randomized cluster model was used. Information was gathered through direct interview, as well as questionnaire after signed a consent form. 5ml of venous blood withdraw by a professional nurse from each respondent, then examined for hematological indicators of dengue fever using Sysmex XP-300 Automated Hematology Analyzerand dengue specific IgM antibodies using Panbio® Dengue IgM Capture ELISA. Entering data and analysis of the volunteers’ characteristics, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20 was used. Incredibly simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the laboratory results of the Dengue indicators as well as risk factors. Results: The study involved 83 cases out of 110 that were tested by ELISA at different hospitals in Port Sudan and determined to be diagnosed with the dengue virus.The incidence rate among febrile patients was 75% (68 cases), with DF documented in 80 cases (96%) and DHF in three scenarios (4%). higher prevalence within the (21-30) age category 50/110. (45%).High occurrence rate during July (63 cases) (57%). Fever was the most noticeable clinical feature 79/83(95%, more evident hematological indicators included thrombocytopenia and leucopenia (88%) 97 out of 110 (71%) 78/110 in each event. Most of study subjects were unaware regarding risk factors with exception of transmission mode. Conclusions: Study reported high incidence among suspected febrile participants. Most of patients presented as DF, with greater occurrence among reproductive age group and during July.Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were more prominent clinical manifestations.With the exception of the mode of transmission, the majority of study respondents were unaware of the risk factors.Item Patterns of Presentation and Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer at the National Cancer Institute - Central Sudan(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-09-10) Ahmed Mahjoub Awad Ali; Mohamed Nasreldin Mohamed; Mohamed Soud Mohamed Saadeldien; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman; Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman Adam; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; ElhajIdris TibinAbstract: Background: Thyroid cancer is the second most common cause of mortality amongst endocrine malignancies, after ovarian cancer. Thyroid tumors that are differentiated account for around 95% of all thyroid malignancies. Thyroid cancer now outnumbers all other cancers in terms of occurrence. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the pattern of presentation and management of differentiated thyroid cancerat the National Cancer Institute in Wad Medani, Gezira State–Sudan. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive hospital-based research that included all patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who presented to the National Cancer Institute Wad Medani between September 2016 and September 2020. The information is gathered using a standard structured data collection sheet and evaluated with SPSS for scientific class packaging for the social meaning of statistical packaging for social sciences version 24, USA. Results: Females 56 (76%) out of 74 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the National Cancer Institute Wad Medani had a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.2, and18 of them (24.3%) were in the 41-50 year age category. Sixty-nine (93.2%) of patients exhibited anterior neck swelling, whereas 15 (20.3%) reported shortness of breath. Sixty-six (89.2%) of patients had euthyroid status, and forty-nine (66.2%) had multinodular findings on ultrasonography, while the lateral compartment of lymph nodes was implicated in 8 (10.8 %) patients, the lateral and central compartments were engaged in 6 (8.1 %) patients, and the rest of the patients had no affected lymph nodes, 60 (81.1 %) had cold nodules on radioisotope scan, and 63 (85.1%) had cold nodules. Long-term goiter, which was reported in 20 of the research subjects, was the most prevalent risk factor (27 %).Papillary carcinoma is the most common histological form, accounting for 38.4% of all cases. Were 41(55%) with TNM stage-I. The scalp is the first site of metastases 6 (8.1%) in eighteen (24.3%) cases. The 38.4% of the patients had a total thyroidectomy, which was proceeded by radioactive iodine therapy in 47.4% of the cases. Conclusion: Early thyroid cancer identification is critical for effective management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Item Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Among Pregnant Sudanese Ladies(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2020-04-01) Abd Ewahid Mohammed Ahmed Elrofai; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdurrahman; Elamin Elawad Ali; Wadie Mohammed Yasin Elmadhoun; Nassreden Khalid AbdelrahmanAbstract Introduction: The present study aimed to find the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and assess its associated risk factors among pregnant women. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was carried out in the period between January 2009 and December 2010 in Eldammar, River Nile State, Sudan. Chi-square was used for trend analysis, and P value was used to declare the statistical significance between the variables. Results: A total of 383 pregnant women (age range: 16–45 years) visiting Eldammar teaching hospital and other health centers for antennal care were selected. Using latex agglutination test (LAT), 74.7% (285/383) were positive for toxoplasmosis . ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used for IgM & IgG confirmatory, and the results showed that 26% (74/285) and 34.7% (99/285) were positive for toxoplasmosis. There was a significant correlation between serological evidence of toxoplasmosis and low education level, eating undercooked meat, and drinking raw milk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women of the studied population. A positive correlation was reported between toxoplasmosis and low education level, eating undercooked meat, and drinking raw milk.Item Seroprevalence of Treponema Palladium Infection among Blood Donors in Darfur Region, Western Sudan 201(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-04-10) Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdurrahman; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Marawa Ahmed and Mohammed Abd ErahmanABSTRACT Background: Treponema palladium (T.P) is a pathogenic bacteria induces syphilis, a systemic disease spread by sexual contact, blood transfusions. Objective: To recognize Treponema palladium seropositive blood donors and to explore the association between syphilis serological evidence and age as well as demographic information. Methods: In Darfur, Western Sudan, a retrospective analysis of sequential blood donation results from January to December 2017 was conducted. Percentages were used to measure the descriptive numbers. The p-value was used to assess the statistical significance of the measure, and the Chi-square was used to test trends. Results: A total of 4527 people volunteered to donate blood. They were all men between the ages of 17 and 49. A total of 493 (10.9 %) donors tested positive for syphilis, while 4034 (89.1 %) tested negative. study showed insignificant correlation between residence and serological evidence of syphilis (P = 0.23). Age was shown to be a strong indicator of transfusion-transmissible infections (P = 0.02). As compared to the other age classes, the frequency of (21-25) and (26-30) years was higher (51/428) 10.6% and (141/971) 12.7 %, respectively. Conclusions: In North Darfur, a high prevalence of Treponema palladium infection has been documented among blood donors. There was no statistically significant association between syphilis and occupancy, although there was a strong prevalence in a particular age demographic with a statistically significant correlation.Item Testicular Size and Male Infertility in Sudanese Patients Attending Khartoum Dermatology and Venereology Teaching Hospital(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-03-15) Marawa Ahmed Mohammed Abd Erahman; Essam Eldeen Elghazali; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed; Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdurrahman; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Nassreldeen Khalid AbdelrahmanAbstract Objective: The study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between testicular volume measured by ultrasound and sperm parameters (volume, count, motility, significant leukocyte and morphology) in Sudanese infertile males attending KDTH, andrology department. Methods: Prospective cross sectional, investigational hospital based study .A total of 100 males were investigated for this study. The testicular volumes of all subjects were measured by ultrasonography. The serial semen samples were collected by the process of masturbation after 3-5 days of ejaculatory abstinence and were analyzed by CASA according to WHO criteria 2010. Results: 74 out of 100 of patients with low Testicular volume had low motility (74%).Correlation between testicular volume and volume of semen, sperm count, morphology and presence of significant leukocyte revealed no significant correlation. Conclusions: Testicular volume had a significant correlation with sperm motility. No significant relation between testicular volume and semen volume, sperm count and sperm morphology. Measurement of testicular volume cannot be helpful alone for assessing fertility at the initial physical examination.