SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS المجلات العلمية

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SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS المجلات العلمية

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Antioxidant and antiglycation potential of some Sudanese medicinal plants and their isolated compounds
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2009) Elbadri E. OSMAN
Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be associated with a number of human neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune pathologies and digestive system disorders. In the present work twenty three ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants, commonly used in Sudanese folk medicines against infectious diseases were investigated for their potential scavenging of superoxide free radicals. 14 extracts showed significant activity P < 0.05 for the scavenging of superoxide free radicals. Acacia nilotica bark, Balanites aegyptiaca barks, Khaya senegalensis leaves were the most active with 75, 72, 71% inhibition, respectively. However, the rest revealed moderate inhibition activity. Only A. nilotica barks (78%), K. senegalensis barks (74%), A. nilotica fruits (66%) and Tinspora bakis (61%) showed over 50% inhibition of glycation production assay, while the rest were less effective. Bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation proved catechin was the most active isolated secondary metabolite for both scavenging of superoxide free radicals and inhibition of glycation production assay. MTT cytotoxicity against 3T3 cell line indicates the safety of all plant ethanolic extracts as well as isolated compounds.
Antioxidant and antiglycation potential of some Sudanese medicinal plants and their isolated compounds
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2009) Elbadri E. OSMAN
Abstract Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be associated with a number of human neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune pathologies and digestive system disorders. In the present work twenty three ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants, commonly used in Sudanese folk medicines against infectious diseases were investigated for their potential scavenging of superoxide free radicals. 14 extracts showed significant activity P < 0.05 for the scavenging of superoxide free radicals. Acacia nilotica bark, Balanites aegyptiaca barks, Khaya senegalensis leaves were the most active with 75, 72, 71% inhibition, respectively. However, the rest revealed moderate inhibition activity. Only A. nilotica barks (78%), K. senegalensis barks (74%), A. nilotica fruits (66%) and Tinspora bakis (61%) showed over 50% inhibition of glycation production assay, while the rest were less effective. Bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation proved catechin was the most active isolated secondary metabolite for both scavenging of superoxide free radicals and inhibition of glycation production assay. MTT cytotoxicity against 3T3 cell line indicates the safety of all plant ethanolic extracts as well as isolated compounds.
In vitro Antitrichomonal Activity of Acacia nilotica L different extracts
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2010) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the major worldwide health problem of non viral sexual from all transmitted diseases (STD) especially in the third world. Methods: In the present work barks and fruits of Acacia nolotica were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, with different concentrations to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis. Results: Methanolic extracts of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 100% mortality at concentration 250 µg µml after 192 hours, this was compared with metrondizole powder which gave 100% mortality at concentration312.5 µg/ml after 216 hours, while the fruits chloroform extracts gave mortality 83.2% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 hours, mean while, the bark chloroform extracts gave mortality 100% at 1000 µg ml after 192 hours. Water extract of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 85.5% and 97.1% respectively at concentration 250 µg/ml after 192 hours. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Acacia nilotica, Metronidazole
In vitro Antitrichomonal Activity of Acacia nilotica L different extracts
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2010) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the major worldwide health problem of non viral sexual from all transmitted diseases (STD) especially in the third world. Methods: In the present work barks and fruits of Acacia nolotica were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, with different concentrations to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis. Results: Methanolic extracts of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 100% mortality at concentration 250 µg µml after 192 hours, this was compared with metrondizole powder which gave 100% mortality at concentration312.5 µg/ml after 216 hours, while the fruits chloroform extracts gave mortality 83.2% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 hours, mean while, the bark chloroform extracts gave mortality 100% at 1000 µg ml after 192 hours. Water extract of both of A. nilotica fruits and bark exhibit 85.5% and 97.1% respectively at concentration 250 µg/ml after 192 hours. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Acacia nilotica, Metronidazole
In vitro anti-trichomonal activity of three endogenous Sudanese forestry medicinal trees
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011) E. E. Osman
ABSTRACT Trichomoniasis is the major worldwide sexual transmitting protozoal diseases (STPD) especially in the third world, caused by flagellated Trichomonas vaginalis. In the present work barks and fruits of three selected medicinal plants (Acacia seyal, A. senegal and Tamarindus indica) were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis with different concentrations. After 6 days exposure A.seyal bark gave 97, 85 and 78% mortality from methanol, chloroform and water extracts respectively at higher concerntration tested (1000 ppm), followed by A. Senegal bark which showed 85, 64 and 66% mortality at the same concentration, while the fruits of A seyal revealed 79, 79 and 58% mortality with highest concentration. For A. Senegal fruits 56, 74 and 72% was observed for methanol chloroform and water extracts respectively. However T. indica bark and fruit extracts were found the less active among the three investigated plants. Hence A. Seyal and A. Senegal can be considered of potent antitrichomonal activity rather than T. indica.
In vitro antitrichomonal activity of Xanthium brasilicum vell and Argemone mexicana L different extracts
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT Whole plants of Xanthium brasilicum and Argemone mexicana were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water and then prepared in different concentrations in order to be examined for their trichomonacidal activities in vitro. Their activity was compared with metronidazole using strains of Trichomonas vaginalis freshly isolated from patients. Methanolic extracts of X. brasilicum exhibit 100% inhibition at concentration 500 µg/ml after 192 h, this was compared with metronidazole powder which gave 98.5% inhibition at concentration 312.5 µg/ml at the same time, while the chloroform extracts gave inhibition 100% at 1000 µg/ml after 216 h, mean while, the water extracts gave 100% inhibition at 1000 µg/ml after 192 h. Water extract of A. mexicana gave 100% inhibition 1000 µg/ml after 192 h, while the chloroform and methanol extracts 1000 µg/ml gave 100% inhibition after 216 and 192 h respectively. These studies conducted for both X. brasilicum and A. mexicana they were proved to be potent activities against T. vaginalis.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Plant Cannabis sativa (L) Petrolium Ether Extract in Albino Rats
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011) Elbadri E. Osman
In this study the plant Cannabis sativa seeds petroleum oil extract was investigated for anti- inflammatory activity on albino rats. The inflammation was firstly obtained by using carrageenan suspension 0.1 ml of 10% saline injected at the sub – plantar region of the left limb for inducing a local acute oedema. A decreased in oedema size was reported after 24 hours for the rats pretreated with carrageenan30 minutes before injection with suspension( 4.56, 0.59 and 0.93 for control, 1ml/kg per day and 0.5ml/kg per day groups given C. sativa seed extracts respectively.), compared to Indomethacin standard antiinflammatory drug which reported a decrease in oedema size diameter to 0.55mm, which indicated an increase inhibition percentages were reported for the different pretreated groups 0.00, 87.03, 79.56 and 87.91 including the comparative Indomethacin treated groups of rats respectively. On the other hand, the post-treated groups of rats (given C. sativa oil extract after 30 minutes of injection of suspension) showed a similar results for maximum concentration 1 ml/day of C. sativa oil extract in comparison to the standard drug. Hence, such results recommend the prospect focus for the preventive medication use of the extract. The study also highlights no significant changes for serum and protein of the blood taken from rats of the experiments. Although there were significant decrease in lymphocyte and neutrophil, but the changes were not significant. Indomethacin was given to the rats used for a comparative drug (10mg/kg). Moreover, the drug indomethacin used as a comparative parameter showed similar results in comparison to the extract, hence wise the reported results may be recommended for use as anti-inflammatory agent and should be explored more to formulate drug on basis of its activity.
In vitro anti-trichomonal activity of three endogenous Sudanese forestry medicinal trees
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2011-04-08) E. E. Osman; W. S. Koko; M. M. Dahab
Trichomoniasis is the major worldwide sexual transmitting protozoal diseases (STPD) especially in the third world, caused by flagellated Trichomonas vaginalis. In the present work barks and fruits of three selected medicinal plants (Acacia seyal, A. senegal and Tamarindus indica) were extracted by methanol, chloroform and water, to be investigated in vitro against T. vaginalis with different concentrations. After 6 days exposure A.seyal bark gave 97, 85 and 78% mortality from methanol, chloroform and water extracts respectively at higher concerntration tested (1000 ppm), followed by A. Senegal bark which showed 85, 64 and 66% mortality at the same concentration, while the fruits of A seyal revealed 79, 79 and 58% mortality with highest concentration. For A. Senegal fruits 56, 74 and 72% was observed for methanol chloroform and water extracts respectively. However T. indica bark and fruit extracts were found the less active among the three investigated plants. Hence A. Seyal and A. Senegal can be considered of potent antitrichomonal activity rather than T. indica.
Prevalence and transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Khartoum State, Sudan
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2012) Elbadri E. Osman
This study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in Khartoum State, Sudan. Two different hospitals were selected. The two hospitals were Ibrahim Malik hospital which is serving an urban area and Ombada hospital which is serving a rural area and migrant people coming from other parts of Sudan particularly Western Sudan. Monthly data was collected including demographic, social and other factors related to infection with trichomoniasis using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected weekly every month and examined using wet mount preparation method. 297 women were found infected with Trichomonas vaginalis of a total of 2473 examined making an overall prevalence rate of 12%. Prevalence of infection was slightly higher among women in Ombada hospital than those in Ibrahim Malik hospital but the difference is not statistically significant. However, difference in infection is statistically significant regarding areas of residence (P < 0.05). The highest (15.6%) and the lowest (4.8%) prevalence rates were recorded in Alsalam locality (Ombada hospital) and Khartoum locality (Ibrahim Malik hospital) respectively suggesting a difference in awareness between rural and urban areas. Significant differences related to age were recorded. The highest prevalence rates were among women in the age groups 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years. High infection rates were recorded during the hot and rainy season from July to October. Social, traditional and behavioral factors proved to be important factors in relation to infection of T. vaginalis among women in Khartoum State. Results indicate the importance of the problem and the need for more research and efforts to control it.
Prevalence and transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Khartoum State, Sudan
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2012) Elbadri E. Osman
This study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in Khartoum State, Sudan. Two different hospitals were selected. The two hospitals were Ibrahim Malik hospital which is serving an urban area and Ombada hospital which is serving a rural area and migrant people coming from other parts of Sudan particularly Western Sudan. Monthly data was collected including demographic, social and other factors related to infection with trichomoniasis using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected weekly every month and examined using wet mount preparation method. 297 women were found infected with Trichomonas vaginalis of a total of 2473 examined making an overall prevalence rate of 12%. Prevalence of infection was slightly higher among women in Ombada hospital than those in Ibrahim Malik hospital but the difference is not statistically significant. However, difference in infection is statistically significant regarding areas of residence (P < 0.05). The highest (15.6%) and the lowest (4.8%) prevalence rates were recorded in Alsalam locality (Ombada hospital) and Khartoum locality (Ibrahim Malik hospital) respectively suggesting a difference in awareness between rural and urban areas. Significant differences related to age were recorded. The highest prevalence rates were among women in the age groups 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years. High infection rates were recorded during the hot and rainy season from July to October. Social, traditional and behavioral factors proved to be important factors in relation to infection of T. vaginalis among women in Khartoum State. Results indicate the importance of the problem and the need for more research and efforts to control it. Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, prevalence, traditions, social, behavioral factors.
Antigiardial Activity and Toxicological Exploration of Cannabis Sativa Extracts
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2013) Elbadri E. Osman
Abstract— The present study has been attempt to elucidate antigiardial activity and explore the cytoxicity, investigation on liver Diagnostic Enzymes and Changes in serum constituents of Cannabis Sativa aerial parts and seeds, which were extracted by Petroleum ether and methanol. Aerial parts methanolic extract gave 63.6% mortality after 72 hours at concentration 1000 ppm (IC50 0.13 ppm) comparing with metrondizole (IC50 0.0125 ppm). While the other extracts found inactive as antigiardiasis after 72 hours. The slight increase in Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) liver enzyme and total protein, urea, albumin and calcium which indicate some degree hepatic nefropathy effect of such plant petroleum ether extract. Moreover, phytochemical examination was carried out firstly and revealed that, the petroleum ether extract of Cannabis sativa seed do not contain tetrahydrocannbinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidaiol (CBD). However, all extracts showed no significant cytotoxic activity against vero cell line. Index Terms— Giardia lamblia, Cytotoxicity, Cannabis sativa, Liver enzymes
Antigiardial, Amoebicidal and Cytotoxic activity of the plant Prosopis juliflora leave extracts
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2014) Elbadri E. Osman
he present study was carried out to evaluate antigiardial, amoebicidal activity and explore the cytotoxicity of Prosopis juliflora (Leaves) Variety supreme court Leaves petroleum ether and methanolic extracts in vitro. Tested were performed using four concentrations: (1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm). The highest activity against Giardia lamblia, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 78.91% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 500 ppm followed by the methanolic extract which exhibited 77.48% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antigiardial activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 38.55 % mortality with 1000 ppm concentration in 24 hours. The highest activity against Entamoba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from methanolic extract which exhibited 71.97% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antiamobic activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 31.88% mortality with 125 ppm concentration within 24 hours. The cytotoxicity of methanol and petroleum ether extract had varying degrees of toxicity to vero cell lines with IC50 731.79 µg/ml for the methanol extract and 11.22 µg/ml for the petroleum ether extract.
In Vitro Anticercarial Activities of some Sudanese Medicinal Plants of the Family Combretaceae
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2014) Elbadri E. Osman
Abstract-Eight ethanolic extracts of four Sudanese medicinal plants belonging to the family Combretaceae were investigated for their anticercarial activity. Those extracts were of Combretum aculeatum (leaves and roots), C. hartmannianum (leaves), C. glutinosum (leaves, stem and roots) and Terminalia laxiflora (leaves and seeds). All extracts showed varying degrees of anticercarial activity against cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni within 6 hours period of time. Cercariae exposed to Terminalia laxiflora seeds extract showed 100% mortality at concentration 5 ppm after one hour. Lowest calculated LC90 of C. glutinosum stem was 3.71 ppm after 3 hours of exposure, LC90 of C. glutinosum leaves was 5 ppm after 6 hours, of C. aculeatum leaves was 8.78 ppm after 2 hours, of C. aculeatum roots was 12.6 ppm after 5 hours, LC90 of Terminalia laxiflora leaves was 13.48 ppm after 6 hours, LC90 of C. glutinosum roots was 23.64 ppm after 6 hours and LC90 of C. hartmannianum leaves was 38.58 after one hour of exposure. Preliminary phytochemical screening conducted on studied plant extracts revealed that they are rich of tannins, unsaturated sterol and/or triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids. MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extracts. Index Terms: Cerceria, Schistosoma mansoni, Combretaceae
Antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus L.
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) El-badri E. Osman
ABSTRACT Cyperus rotundus L. (Family: Cyperaceae), has a number of pharmacological and biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, cytoprotective, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is a major cause of morbidity worldwide, causing approximately 50 million cases of dysentery and 100,000 deaths annually. Intestinal amoebiasis due to the infection of E. histolytica is ranked third on the list of parasitic protozoan infections leading to death behind malaria and schistosomiasis. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the in-vitro antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of ethanol extract of C. rotundus L. (whole plant). The ethanol extract of C. rotundus (whole plant), with different concentration (500, 250 and 125 ppm) and metronidazole concentration (312.5 μg/ml) was investigated in vitro against E. histolyica trophozoites. The result was obtained from C. rotundus whole plant ethanol extract which exhibited 100% mortality within 96 h, at a concentration 500 ppm; this was compared with Metronidazole which gave 96% inhibition at concentration 312.5 µg/ml at the same time. In addition cytotoxicity (MTT assay) with different concentration (500, 250 and 125 ppm) in comparison to triton-x100 (the reference control) which verified the safety of the examined extract with an IC50 less 100 µg/ml. In conclusion, these studies prove the potent activity of C. rotundus against E. histolyica trophozoites in vitro with verified safety evidence for use.
Antiamoebic and Cytotoxicity of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Kigelia africana
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
Kigelia africana (family Bignoniaceae), is a common component of the pharmacopeia’s of multiple African groupings which inhabit the areas in which it grows. Amongst these groups there is a myriad of medicinal uses in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections, as well as in the treatment of cancers. Intestinal amoebiasis due to the infection of E. histolytica is ranked third on the list of parasitic protozoan infections leading to death behind malaria and schistosomiasis. This study was carried out to evaluate antiamoebic activites (E. histolyica) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of ethanol extract of K. africana (fruits). The extract of K. africana (fruits), with different concentrations (500, 250 and 125 ppm) and Metronidazole concentration (312.5 μg/ml) to be investigated in vitro against E. histolyica trophozoites, and cytotoxicity (MTT) assay with test concentrations and Triton-100 (the reference control) was studied. The ethanolic fruit extract exhibited 100% mortality within 96 h, at a concentration 500 ppm, whereas, metronidazole gave 96% inhibition at concentration 312.5 µg/ml. MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extract. The studies conducted for K. africana fruit extract was proved to have potent activities against E. histolyica trophozoites in vitro
ANTIAMOEBIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA RUFESCENS (LAM) LEAF EXTRACTS
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization estimates that the protozoan is a major cause of morbidity worldwide, causing approximately 50 million cases of dysentery and 100,000 deaths annually. Intestinal amoebiasis due to the infection of E. histolytica is ranked third on the list of parasitic protozoan infections leading to death behind malaria and schistosomiasis. Metronidazole is used as a drug of choice against giardiasis. However, like a lot of other chemical agents, this drug has its own side effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate antiamoebic activites (Entamoeba histolyica) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of Bauhinia rufescens. Variety supreme court leaf petroleum ether and methanolic extracts. The highest activity against Entamoeba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 78.33% mortality within 72 h in 1000 ppm concentration, followed by the same extract which exhibited 75.12% mortality within 72 h with concentration of 500 ppm. On the other hand the lowest antiamoebic activity was recorded by methanol ether extract 60.20% mortality with 125 ppm concentration in 72 hours. The cytotoxicity of petroleum ether and methanol extracts had varying degrees of toxicity to Vero cell lines with IC50 391.39μg/ml for the petroleum ether extract and 488.32μg/ml for the methanol extract. These studies conducted for Bauhinia rufescens leafs was proved to have potent activities against Entamoeba histolyica trophozoites in vitro. And MTT assay verified the safety. Key Words: Bauhinia rufescens, Entamoeba histolyica, Cytotoxicity, Antiamoebic
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF B RUFESCENS (LAM)
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT Interest in natural products as a source for innovation in drug discovery and agrochemicals is still growing worldwide. Natural products, whose immense diversity has been appreciated for many years, may become in a rich source of novel chemical structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay) and phytochemical screening of methanol extract of B rufescens (leaves). The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) was tested for antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and phytochemical screening. The methanol extract of B rufescens (leaves) antioxidant activity was (81 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propyl galate levels (88 ± 0.07RSA%) and Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of B rufescens revealed that the plant contain triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Negative results were recorded for glycosides and coumarins. Hence, the results obtained in the present study indicate that B rufescens have promising antioxidant indicates that the plant could be promising agent in scavenging free radicals and treating diseases related to free radical reactions. Keywords: Antioxidant (DPPH-assay), Phytochemical, B rufescens (leaves)
Cytotoxicity of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
Pharmacological and preventive properties of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts are well known, but the anticancer activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Vitex trifolia leafs on human breast cancer cells have not been explored so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic activities of these extracts against MCF-7 and Vero cell line. Cells were exposed to 125 to 500 μg/ml of the extracts of Vitex trifolia for 72 h. Post-treatment, percent cell viability was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The results showed that petroleum ether and methanol extracts significantly reduced cell viability of MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Concentrations of 125 μg/ml and above of petroleum ether and 500 μg/ml of methanol extract were found to be cytotoxic in MCF-7 cells. Cell mortality at 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml of petroleum ether extract was recorded as 98.80%, 93.40% and 87.75% respectively, whereas at 125, 250 and 500 of methanol extract values were 79.98%, 75.70% and 70.25%, respectively by MTT assay. MCF-7 and Vero cells exposed to 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml. The data revealed that the treatment with petroleum ether and methanol of Vitex trifolia leaf extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile the same extract showed a moderate inhibition against Vero cell lines. It may be concluded that Vitex trifolia can cause cell death in MCF-7 cancer cells, which can be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment. Keywords: Vitex trifolia, MCF-7, Vero, Cytotoxicity, MTT
Antigiardial, antiamoebic and cytotoxic activity of the leaves extracts of Vitex trifolia
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization ranks diarrheal disease as the second (after acute respiratory infections) most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the developing world. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are two of the most important and most widespread diarrhea-related parasitic protozoa in the world. Metronidazole is used as a drug of choice against amoebiasis and giardiasis. However, like a lot of other chemical agents, this drug has its own side effects. The present study was carried out to evaluate antigiardial, antiamoebic activity and explore the cytotoxicity of Vitex trifolia (leaves) variety supreme court leaves petroleum ether and methanolic extracts in vitro. The highest activity against Giardia lamblia, with respect to time, was obtained from petroleum ether extract which exhibited 75.25% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm followed by the same extract which exhibited 72.07% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 500 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest antigiardial activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 58.92% mortality with 125 ppm concentration in 72 h. The highest activity against Entamoba histolytica, with respect to time, was obtained from methanolic extract which exhibited 61.64% mortality within 72 h with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest antiamobic activity was recorded by petroleum ether extract 53.62% mortality with 125 ppm concentration within 72 h. The cytotoxicity of methanol and petroleum ether extract had varying degrees of toxicity to Vero cell lines with IC50 349.07 μg/ml for the methanol extract and 369.77 μg/ml for the petroleum ether extract. Keywords: Vitex doniana (Leaves), antigiardial, antiamoebic, cytotoxicity, Sudan
Antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of methanolic leaves extract of Bauhinia rufescens (Lam)
(جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2015) Elbadri E. Osman
Abstract Interest in natural products as a source for innovation in drug discovery and agrochemicals is still growing worldwide. Natural products, whose immense diversity has been appreciated for many years, may become in a rich source of novel chemical structures. Our country is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity, which may be useful as a source of novel chemical structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay) and phytochemical screening of methanol extract of Bauhinia rufescens (leaves). The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) was tested for antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4- tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and phytochemical screening. The methanol extract of B. rufescens (leaves) antioxidant activity was (81 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propyl galate levels (88 ± 0.07RSA%) and Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of B. rufescens revealed that the plant contain Triterpenes, alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins and Flavonoids. Negative results were recorded for glycosides and Coumarins. Hence, the results obtained in the present study indicate that B. rufescens have promising antioxidant agents; it indicates that the plant could be a promising agent in scavenging free radicals and treating diseases related to free radical reactions. Keywords: Antioxidant, (DPPH), Phytochemical, Bauhinia rufescens

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