Browsing by Author "Yousif Mohammed Alhaj"

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    Assessment of Physical Child Abuse Awareness among Pediatric Registrars in Khartoum State, Sudan
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022-09-26) Yousif Mohammed Alhaj; Ayman Alsiddig Abdelrhiem Ali; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract Background: Physical abuse of a child is an action that results in actual or potential physical harm. It is in the form of an interac- tion, which is reasonably within the control of a parent or person in a position of responsibility, power, or trust. It may be of single or repeated incidents. the number of reports about children being abused and molested in the country is growing. So, this study is conducted to assess awareness of the residents toward this issue as they are the first-line responder. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter hospital-based study of the pediatric residents of Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) throughout the country. A sample size of 170 residents was calculated and randomly assigned by simple random sampling from the list of 736 registered pediatric residents at SMSB. The study questionnaire, structured into items on awareness of child abuse, developed by the researcher, pretested and validated, was filled as a written form. Descriptive analysis of knowledge and practice responses of the residents was conducted with SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Chi-square was calculated for awareness scores/grades against socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The study was approved by SMSB and ethical clearance was obtained. Results: A total of 174 pediatrics residents were involved in the study. The majority of the participants (81%-n = 141) were females, more than half of the study participants (58%) were aged between 22 to 30 years. Regarding their level of training, 20.1% (35) were R1, 2.3% (4) were R2, 47.1% (82) were R3 and 30.5% (53) were R4. The majority of the residents 146 (85.1%) had good knowledge, and 26 (14.9%) of them had poor knowledge, 73.6% (128) of the study participants have encountered a suspicious case of physical abuse among their children’s patients, less than half of the participants (42.5%, n = 74) have ever reported a suspicious case of child abuse and 57.5% (100) of them have never reported a suspicious case, 14.4% (25) of the residents have seen a definite case of physi- cal abuse in the last 6 months, 90.8% (158) of the doctors thought that that identification and reporting mechanism of suspicion of possible child physical abuse should be part of vocational training course. Conclusion: The study showed that pediatric residents: Revealed accepted good knowledge and inappropriate practice. More than half of the residents in our study did not know any mechanism for reporting child physical abuse, and only 30.5% knew the reporting mechanisms. There is a lack of educational training and education regarding child abuse. Reporting systems for child abuse cases are weak. There is a strong impact of training on the ability to detect child abuse cases which leaves us to relentlessly emphasize the importance of training and call for filling the gap by implementing a comprehensive training program for medical personnel that includes child abuse detection. On the other hand, formulating a reporting and a referral system for such cases to ensure that they inevitably reach the Family and Child Protection Units for appropriate management.
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    Awareness and Practice of Caregivers toward Type 1 Diabetes Among Children in Khartoum State 2021
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2022) Yousif Mohammed Alhaj; Alzahra Busatui Alzain; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the pancreas produces very little or no insulin due to autoantibodies against the β-cell of the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that is required for sugar (glucose) to enter cells and produce energy. Knowledge of disease and socioeconomic status (SES) of family, mother, and caregiver plays an important role in the management of diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes in children. Objective: To assess the Awareness and Practice of caregivers toward Insulin dependent diabetic children in Khartoum State 2021. Methodology: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Sudan’s childhood diabetes center. Data were collected through interviewer-administered data collection sheets on the children’s caregivers (Google form). Results: A total of 93 caregivers of type 1 diabetic children participated in this study; according to the demographic data of the children; their age range from 4 to 14 years, 51 (55%) children were aged from 5-10 years, and 33 (36%) were aged more than 10 years, and 9 (10%) were aged less than 5 years with an average age of 9 years. According to the maternal educational level; most of the mothers 57 (61%) graduated from university. Of most of the fathers 36 (39%) were employees, and 30 (32%) were free workers. According to the awareness and attitude, type 1 diabetes; all (100%) of them were aware of to use of insulin (ideal dose, site of injection, storage of insulin, injection with supervisor or alone), 81 (87%) of the caregivers were aware to types of diabetes, 81 (87%) of them were aware to Hb A1C, 78 (84%) of them were aware to home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM), and FBG, 78 (84%) of the participants were aware to types of diet (number of meal/day, types of meals/day, sugar content or not, exercise or not on exercise), and 78 (84%) of the participants were aware symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. However, some of the participants had poor awareness regarding diabetes retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: According to our findings, caregivers with more diabetes awareness and education were able to keep their children’s glycemic control better regardless of socioeconomic status. In addition, in the routine questions asked of the diabetic patient and the care provider, a method of assessing socioeconomic changes such as loss of income, divorce, and disability must be incorporated. The majority of the participants in the study had a positive outlook on type 1 diabetes.
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    Rate of Acute Complications of Blood and Blood Products Transfusion among Children at Jafar Ibn Ouf Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan,2022
    ((جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري), 2022) Nasr Eldin Fadl Alla Abodeak; Yousif Mohammed Alhaj; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood products into one`s circulation intravenously. transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Objectives: To assess the Rate of Acute Complications of Blood and Blood products Transfusion among Children at Jaffar Ibn Ouf Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan,2021. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, Observational, descriptive hospital-based study. Data were collected using a checklist including brief clinical history and examination and laboratory investigation, type of blood transfusion, and short-term complications. Data were cleaned and entered into a Microsoft Excel data sheet and were analyzed using SPSS latest version software. Result: A total of 130 pediatric patients participated in this study their ages ranged from 1-17 years, most of them; 56 (43.1%) were aged less than 5 years. Of most patients, 89 (68.5%) had blood transfusions based on both clinical conditions and lab results, and 24 (18.5%) patients had blood transfusions based on their clinical conditions. In most patients, 124 (95.4%) had a complete transfusion. Only 15 (11.5%) patients developed blood reactions among them 8 (53.3%) patients developed febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, 6 (40%) patients developed an allergic reaction, and 1 (6.7%) patient developed transfusion-related acute lung injury. According to patients’ outcomes; most of them 123 (94.6%) were discharged, and 2 (1.5%) cases of death. Conclusion: The main limitation of this study was that it was conducted in only one hospital, and the results may differ in other hospitals. Although our hospital serves a large geographical catchment area with numerous referrals, we do not know if current data accurately reflect the overall transfusion pattern in other similar health facilities or the country as a whole due to a lack of local comparable data. A multicenter survey is advised because it can provide more data and more solid conclusions.
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    The Outcome of the Treatment of Malnourished Children Treated by Ready- To-Use Therapeutic Food and Ready to Use Supplementary Food in Wad- El- Bashir Heath Center, 2021
    ((جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري), 2022) Yousif Mohammed Alhaj; Raja Rajab Sowar El-Ras; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjat; Fania. A. Albdari
    Abstract: Introduction: Malnutrition includes both undernutrition and overnutrition. Child undernutrition is a major global health problem that is more common in low-income countries like Sudan, it can cause childhood morbidity, mortality, and impaired intellectual development. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the outcome of malnourished children treated with ready to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), and ready to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) in Wad Elbasheir Health Centre in Ombada Locality Methods: This is an analytical Cross-Sectional facility-based Study conducted at Wad Elbasheir Health Centre. A convenient nonprobability sampling technique was used in this study. Data were collected using a datasheet after being pretested. Data were collected from secondary data from the records of malnourished children treated by the RTUF and RUSF. Results: The majority of the participants of this study were aged between 6 to 23 months (84%) and most of the participants were females (56%). This study showed that 70 (24%) of the participants were classified as severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), while 218 (76%) were classified as moderate Acute malnutrition (MAM). This study showed that having a smaller number of children in the family and middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) between 11.5-12.5 cm were more associated with recovery. Moreover, this study showed that children who use amoxicillin or anti-worms were more likely to be recovered from malnutrition. Conclusion: RUTF was designed for the nutritional management of children with uncomplicated acute malnutrition treated as outpatients. In this study, most of the children recovered. In addition, this study found that several factors were associated with better outcomes including fewer children in the family, MUAC between 11.5-12.5 cm, having MAM (compared to having SAM), and using amoxicillin or anti-worms.