Black Cumin Provides New Definitions for Physiology and Pathology
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Date
2022
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جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infects a type of white blood cell in the body’s
immune system called a T-helper cell (also called a CD4 cell). These vital cells keep
us healthy by fighting off infections and diseases.
It cannot reproduce on its own. Instead, the virus attaches itself to a T-helper cell and
fuses with it (joins together). It then takes control of the cell’s DNA, makes copies of
itself inside the cell, and finally releases more HIV into the blood. HIV will continue
to multiply and spread throughout the body – a process called the HIV lifecycle. In
this way, HIV weakens the body’s natural defences and over time severely damages
the immune system [1].
Viral proteins, termed "virotoxins," are released from the infected glial cells that
initiate a cascade of positive feedback loops by activating uninfected microglial cells
and astrocytes. These activated cells release a variety of toxic substances that result in
neuronal dysfunction and cell loss