Browsing by Author "Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher"

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    Challenge of the 21st century the dengue virus Infections
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-06) Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract: The dengue virus is currently one of the most widespread arboviruses infecting human populations, with serious negative effects on South America and South-East Asia economies and societies. Inadequate funding, wrong policies, a lack of political will, expanding mosquito vectors, and increasing urbanization and globalization are some of the factors contributing to the failure of initiatives to address this serious public health issue. Recent data estimates that there were 96 million apparent dengue illnesses globally in 2010. This figure, which is far higher than the WHO projection, shows that the disease is spreading quickly, creating a growing threat to the economy and a significant challenge for doctors and healthcare services around the world, especially in the impacted areas. In the past 17 years, dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever has emerged as one of the most significant resurgent tropical diseases due to the geographical expansion of both the viruses and the mosquitoes that transmit them, an increase in the frequency of epidemics, the emergence of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple virus serotypes), and the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever to new regions. The four serotypes of the dengue virus have just recently begun to establish endemic transmission in humans, with the four serotypes having originated around 1000 years ago. The level of genetic and phenotypic diversity observed in the sylvatic (primate) transmission cycle, however, as well as its genesis, remains unknown. It appears likely that stochastic processes also play a significant role in shaping viral genetic diversity, with lineage extinction being a frequent occurrence. There is some evidence that viral strains differ in important phenotypic features such as virulence and positive selection at immunologically important sites. A more complete understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of the 4 dengue virus, particularly concerning the etiology of severe disease, will require large-scale prospective studies and the comparative analysis of complete genome sequences. One of the most significant new arthropodborne pathogens is the dengue virus (DENV 1-4). The world's (sub) tropical regions are home to all four DENV serotypes, which yearly infect 50–100 million people. While most DENV infections are asymptomatic or only cause self-limited dengue fever, an increasing percentage of patients exhibit more severe symptoms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The potential for the future there isn't a vaccination available yet for DF/DHF. All four viral serotypes have live, attenuated vaccine candidates; however, it will probably be at least ten years before they are made accessible for widespread use. Mosquito control is the only hope for reversing the pandemic DF/DHF trend, but this doesn't look likely to happen anytime soon. If effective prevention programs are not put in place as soon as possible, new dengue virus strains and serotypes will probably continue to spread between regions where Ae. aegypti occurs in infected air travelers, leading to continued hyperendemicity, increased frequency of epidemic activity, and increased incidence of DHF. To achieve this, government representatives, public health practitioners, and the general public must adopt an epidemic prevention mindset as opposed to an emergency response mindset.
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    Herbal Medicines for Men Infertility
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-04) Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract: Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system. It makes a person unable to have children. It can affect a man, a woman, or both. Male infertility means that a man has a problem with his reproductive system. It means you cannot start a pregnancy with your female partner.Since they haven't been able to produce a child despite engaging in frequent, unprotected sexual activity for a year or longer, nearly one in seven couples are infertile. Up to half of these partners are affected to some extent by male infertility.Low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or obstructions that impede sperm delivery can all contribute to male infertility. Male infertility may be brought on by illnesses, accidents, chronic health issues, lifestyle decisions, and other factors.Male infertility is a condition that can be stressful and upsetting, but there are several treatments available.Male infertility is the primary health issue with economic, psychological, and medical attributions. Moreover, it is characterized by an inability to produce a sufficient amount of sperm for the fertilization of an oocyte. Dietary nutrients (DN) have a great effect on male reproductive potential. Observations have indicated that adding DN may protect or treat male infertility. This criticism aims to scrutinize the DN, such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other phytochemicals, in enhancing the semen attributes, sperm bioenergetics, and sperm functionality in male infertility. Diets that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids affect sperm quality and maintain the sperm membrane and mitochondria stability. An administration of phytochemicalscaused an escalation in sperm mitochondrial function and a decrease in oxidative damage.For millions of couples, not being able to conceive a child is a devastating occurrence in their lives, and many of them experience personal frustration. Equally affecting both parties is the issue of infertility in relationships. In many countries, medicinal plants have been used in combination with other techniques to address male infertility issues. These herbs are used as medicines to address erection problems, libido dysfunction, and sexual atrophy. Herbalism is the primary form of treatment in our healthcare system and offers infertile couples a therapeutic option that is both cheap and accessible. Therefore, the majority of the information pertaining to the beneficial impacts of plant extracts on the mammalian reproductive system has been summarized in this review.
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    The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Infertility
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-03) Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract: Reactive oxygen species, also known as oxygen and oxygen-derived oxidants, cause cellular damage at a higher rate under the term "oxidative stress" (ROS). Oxidative stress is typically present as a background factor in all live aerobic cells. This oxidative process can be accelerated and lead to cell damage by several stress-related situations, including chronic disease states, aging, toxin exposure, physical injury, and exposure to a variety of foods. One of the main contributing factors to infertility is thought to be the malefactor. A new and significant reason, oxidative stress, has been discovered in addition to the traditional causes of male infertility, such as varicocele, cryptorchidism, infections, obstructive lesions, cystic fibrosis, trauma, and tumors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body are out of balance, which leads to oxidative stress. This potent mechanism can cause damage, deform, and ultimately result in male sterility in sperm. The physiological significance of ROS, their function in healthy sperm function, and the pathophysiology of ROS in the male reproductive system are all covered in this article.