Browsing by Author "Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader"

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    Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs) among Urinary Tract Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023) Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Areej Osman Shik Aldeen
    ABSTRACT Background: Many different organisms can cause urinary tract infections, but Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most prevalent ones. 60% of all antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases around the world are beta-lactam antibiotics, one of the main classes used to fight gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Objective: The purpose of this study is to detect and isolate Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), which are responsible for urinary tract infections, as well as check for any potential medication resistance. Materials and Methods: The gram stain technique and biochemical assays were used to identify 100 urine samples from Khartoum state hospitals based on their cultural characteristics and morphological appearance. Using the disk diffusion method, the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Ceftriaxone). The Combination Disk Technique (clavulanic acid+third-generation cephalosporins) was used to inoculate the bacterial isolates to demonstrate their capacity to create ESBL. In comparison to non-ESBL producers, the ESBL producers were assessed. Results: E. coli, Klebsiella, S. aureus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas were among the microorganisms isolated from UTI patients. 61% of the participants in this study were female, whereas 39% were male. E. coli has an increased frequency among isolated bacteria, as it presented in 46% of urine cultures, followed by pseudomonas and Klebsiella, each with a 22% frequency. Growth of the majority of the bacteria was found among females more frequently than males, and it also seems to be among older age patients than younger. Amoxyl alone and in combination with Clavulanic Acid (AAMC) was the most medicine that bacteria were resistant to (76%), but Ceftriaxone (CTR) has higher sensitivity (45%) and resistance (50%). The growth of the bacteria in the media of antibiotics was sorted into sensitive, intermediate, and resistant. Conclusions: Tested antibiotic resistance was higher for AAMC than for CTR, which is typically taken without performing urine sample culture and sensitivity testing, which over time leads to increased resistance.
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    Determination of Bacteriological Profile of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing among Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Shendi, Sudan
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2023-05-10) Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader; Salma Salman Omer; Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf; Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher; Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
    Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection is a widespread microbial disease and 2nd most disease in women due to the anatomy of women type 2 diabetes is a high risk of infection of the urinary tract. Objective: To identify the agent that causes urinary tract infections in diabetic patients, select the best antibiotic, and assess the types of diabetes that are connected with urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: From May to August 2018, a hospital-based cross- sectional study was carried out. According to the established methodology, urine samples were obtained for culture and identification. All isolates underwent an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used to import the data from Epi-data version 3.2.1. Results: The study's findings indicated that E. coli is the most prevalent bacterium, with a prevalence of approximately (30.2%). It is followed by K. pneumoniae (26.3%), and then by Staphylococcus aureus and Saprophiticus in percentage (15%). Gentamicin has a high rate of antibiotic sensitivity (approximately 36%), while Ceftazidime has a high rate of antibiotic resistance (about 35%). Around (52%) of people are resistant to Ceftriaxone and Cloxacillin. Conclusions: There was a high rate of UTI in diabetes patients. Female diabetics were more likely to experience UTIs than male diabetics.E. coli and K. pneumoniae species making up the majority of isolates. The isolated pathogens were highly susceptible to Gentamicin, Cloxacillin, and Ceftriaxone. These findings demonstrate the importance of glycemic management in diabetics for reducing UTIs, regardless of age or sex. By treating UTIs with the appropriate antimicrobial medications and monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated microorganisms, antibiotic-resistant urinary organisms can be managed.