Browsing by Author "Bader Saud Alotaibi"

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    Effects of Leishmania Species on Immune Response against Malaria Parasite in Malaria Leishmania Coinfections
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021-12-08) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Sufian Khalid M. Noor; Awadalla H. Kashif c‡,Eltayeb; Mohammed Medani; Bader Saud Alotaibi; Elizabeth Popova; Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan; Yassin Bakri Salih; Yassin Saad Elhossin; Tarig Mohammed Elfaki; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed
    Both malaria and leishmania are most widespread protozoon parasitic diseases, certainly in tropical countries of the world. Malaria leishmania coinfection is common in leishmaniasis endemic areas which is mostly endemic to malaria too. Researchers notice that in cases of malaria leishmania coinfection , leishmania species find the some extent the outcome of malaria infection , but also behavior of malaria parasite species play a significant role to figure the consequences of it. While L. donovani protect from severe malaria complications by suppression of major histocompatibility class Ⅱ , so it diminish the clinical severity of malaria but not malaria parasite density due to dysfunction of major histocompatibility class I, which controlled by suppressed one, In another side L. mexicana tends to sequester in macrophages and lead to severe clinical outcomes when it coexisted with malaria parasite at same host. Experimental studies required to know more information about coinfection of different malaria and leishmania species to establish clinical research. Leishmania infection excluded when studies aim to assess the immune response to only malaria parasite, experimental studies required involving different species of malaria and leishmania.
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    Impact of Uric Acid in Malaria Outcomes
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Yassin Bakri Salih; Sufian Khalid M. Noor; Awadalla H Kashif; Mohammed Medani Eltayeb; Bader Saud Alotaibi; Elizabeth Popova; Rania Saad Abdulgader; Abdelgadir Elamin Eltom; Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan; Tarig Mohamed Elfaki1; Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed
    Up to the date variations of malaria pathogenesis between human populations signify important trouble facing scholars concerned with malaria pathology. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns may be one of the main keys to the well understanding of malaria mechanism and dissimilarity of clinical outcomes of the disease between people. Uric acid is regarded as a dangerous alarming metabolite, resulting from plasmodium activity inside infected red blood cells, furthermore, levels of uric acid correlate with the development of intracellular malaria parasites. Hypoxanthine resulting from the breakdown of haemoglobin by Plasmodium species is very important in malaria pathogenesis, because plasmodia use it as a nutrient and after rupture of schizonts the remaining of it is converted to uric acid due to the action of Xanthine oxidase, and that gave a strong linkage between malaria pigment density and severity of malaria infection. Uric acid is the main cause of arthritis which is one of the common clinical features of malaria, it induces the inflammatory response and many cytokines involved, genes related to hyperuricemia involved discrepancy of clinical outcomes between malaria patients.
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    The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Malaria Immunity During Adulthood, Childhood and Pregnancy: A review
    (جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري, 2021) Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad; Bader Saud Alotaibi; Rania Saad Abdulgader; Sufian Khalid M. Noor; Rimma Chanysheva; Awadalla H Kashif
    Abstract Malaria is most prevalent parasitic disease , it caused by coccidian parasite of the genus plasmodium , four species are usually infect human beings, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malriae and P. ovale, Most of malaria cases resulted from P. falciparum and P. vivax. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensor exists in many parts of human body such as lung , spleen , gut and breast . In this review we discussed the functions of it as regulator for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines , the possible role of diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding in boosting immunity against malaria during pregnancy and childhood by triggering AHR. Also we hypothesize that probable role of it in synchronizing erythrocytic schizogongy. Experimental studies recommended to know more about the biological protective functions of AHR