Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed HamadRahma Abdo Ahmed OsmanTibyan Abd Almajed ALtaherGhanem Mohammed Mahjaf2023-11-212023-11-212023-07https://ds.eaeu.edu.sd/handle/10.58971/392Abstract: Vitamin A is essential for various functions in the human body, including growth, epithelial differentiation, eyesight, immune system function, men's reproduction, and male infertility by enhancing sperm quality, bioenergetics, functioning, maintaining mitochondrial stability, and reducing oxidative damage. Males require dietary retinoid or vitamin A for spermatogenesis, as spermatogonial stem cells start the process through periodic RA after birth. Blood-testis barrier interactions and RA signals are crucial to the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is a significant inducer of spermatogenesis in the mammalian testis. The undifferentiated spermatogonia are started by RA at the beginning of the 72-day spermatogenesis process in humans. The immune system, which is aided by vitamin A, mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and protects reproductive organs from oxidative stress. Beta-carotene (inactivated) and retinol (activated) are the two major forms of vitamin A that circulate in the body. Retinoic acid may contribute to male fertility through its impact on sperm quantity and shape. Vitamin A deficiency can stop spermatogenesis prematurely, but longterm chronic high vitamin A intake harms sperm viability, production, and morphology. Vitamin A measurement is crucial for understanding lipid peroxidation, which is a significant risk factor for human spermatozoa. Infertile patients may have higher levels of reactive oxygen species production, which could be a cause of idiopathic infertility. The body's defenses against oxidative damage rely heavily on lipid-soluble antioxidants like vitamin A, which includes beta-carotene. High levels of these vitamins have protective effects against disease by reducing lipid peroxidation. Techniques for measuring retinol include immunoassay technology, reverse phase open column chromatography, and monoclonal antibody-based immuno-enzymometric tests. High-performance liquid 3 chromatography (HPLC) is a quick and reliable method for estimating retinol levels simultaneously in serum and seminal fluid.other