Challenge of the 21st century the dengue virus Infections
| dc.contributor.author | Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf | |
| dc.contributor.author | Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-21T09:16:42Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-21T09:16:42Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-06 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Abstract: The dengue virus is currently one of the most widespread arboviruses infecting human populations, with serious negative effects on South America and South-East Asia economies and societies. Inadequate funding, wrong policies, a lack of political will, expanding mosquito vectors, and increasing urbanization and globalization are some of the factors contributing to the failure of initiatives to address this serious public health issue. Recent data estimates that there were 96 million apparent dengue illnesses globally in 2010. This figure, which is far higher than the WHO projection, shows that the disease is spreading quickly, creating a growing threat to the economy and a significant challenge for doctors and healthcare services around the world, especially in the impacted areas. In the past 17 years, dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever has emerged as one of the most significant resurgent tropical diseases due to the geographical expansion of both the viruses and the mosquitoes that transmit them, an increase in the frequency of epidemics, the emergence of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple virus serotypes), and the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever to new regions. The four serotypes of the dengue virus have just recently begun to establish endemic transmission in humans, with the four serotypes having originated around 1000 years ago. The level of genetic and phenotypic diversity observed in the sylvatic (primate) transmission cycle, however, as well as its genesis, remains unknown. It appears likely that stochastic processes also play a significant role in shaping viral genetic diversity, with lineage extinction being a frequent occurrence. There is some evidence that viral strains differ in important phenotypic features such as virulence and positive selection at immunologically important sites. A more complete understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of the 4 dengue virus, particularly concerning the etiology of severe disease, will require large-scale prospective studies and the comparative analysis of complete genome sequences. One of the most significant new arthropodborne pathogens is the dengue virus (DENV 1-4). The world's (sub) tropical regions are home to all four DENV serotypes, which yearly infect 50–100 million people. While most DENV infections are asymptomatic or only cause self-limited dengue fever, an increasing percentage of patients exhibit more severe symptoms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The potential for the future there isn't a vaccination available yet for DF/DHF. All four viral serotypes have live, attenuated vaccine candidates; however, it will probably be at least ten years before they are made accessible for widespread use. Mosquito control is the only hope for reversing the pandemic DF/DHF trend, but this doesn't look likely to happen anytime soon. If effective prevention programs are not put in place as soon as possible, new dengue virus strains and serotypes will probably continue to spread between regions where Ae. aegypti occurs in infected air travelers, leading to continued hyperendemicity, increased frequency of epidemic activity, and increased incidence of DHF. To achieve this, government representatives, public health practitioners, and the general public must adopt an epidemic prevention mindset as opposed to an emergency response mindset. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ds.eaeu.edu.sd/handle/10.58971/391 | |
| dc.language.iso | other | |
| dc.publisher | جامعة الشيخ عبدالله البدري | |
| dc.title | Challenge of the 21st century the dengue virus Infections |